Conduct of Monetary Policy in Kuwait Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Conduct of Monetary Policy in Kuwait - Essay Example The International Monetary Fund (IMF) noted: "The fastest pace of economic expansion since the 1990 Gulf war, combined with the oil-related terms of trade gains, has boosted per capita income by 34.5% during 2003-04 and helped build up assets for future generations at a record pace." It added: "With oil prices likely to remain firm over the medium-term, Kuwait's medium-term outlook has improved and is likely to remain favourable, supported by large fiscal and current-account surpluses, and low inflation. The Kuwait economy is characterized by sound creditworthiness which in turn reflects sustained macroeconomic stability, good governance, twin surpluses (the government budget and current-account), manageable domestic debt (17% of GDP in 2005), the sophisticated banking sector and huge net (official) external assets. Overall GDP growth has been increasing at a steady rate from 2001 to 2005 due to the stability of the money supply. Through a judicious application of effective open market operations, the central bank was able to mop up excess liquidity in the system resulting in a stable economic growth. The Central Bank of Kuwait (CBK) has imposed a ceiling on the credit to deposit ratio. It was implemented in order to address prudential concerns over rapid expansion of credit to the private sector in recent years without a parallel increase in bank deposits. Kuwaiti banks are, however, heavily capitalised and liquid. The capital adequacy ratio remained comfortable (17.3% as of end-September 2004), well above its minimum regulatory level (12%). In 2004-05, asset quality improved further and net profits and returns on equity/total assets also rose significantly. The Kuwait central bank had reined in liquidity growth in order to attain macroeconomic stability. This policy resulted in a minimal incr ease in M2 supply from 9646.3 million Kuwait dinar (KD) in 2001 to 10401.2 million KD in 2002. This strict monetary policy resulted in a high increase in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate of 11584 .5 million KD in 2002 to 14253.5 million KD in 2003. At the same time, inflation remained at respectable levels from 0.89 percent to 0.98 percent during the same period. The GDP climbed steadily from 14253.5 million KD in 2003 to 17466 million KD in 2004. The M2 supply increased only slightly from 10401.2 million KD in 2003 to 11655.2 million KD in 2004. The GDP scored a big leap from 17466 million KD in 2004 to 23588 million KD in 2005. Steady monetary policies kept the M2 supply level from 11655.2 million KD in 2004 to 13088.2 million KD in 2005.On the macroeconomic front, the authorities have pursued prudent monetary/fiscal policies, thus underpinning price stability and the exchange rate peg. Consumer price rises have averaged just 1.4% annually over 2000-05, thanks to a str onger currency and subdued import prices. The Kuwait central bank has maintained very stable exchange rate levels to maintain stable inflation rates. This effective policy has resulted in minimal inflation rates. The Kuwait dinar has been appreciating vis-a-vis the US dollar from 2001 to 2005. The exchange rate was 307.36 dinar to 1 US$ dollar in 2001 compared to 299.7 dinar to 1 US$ in 2002. Inflation rate at 2002 was only .89 percent. The local currency further appreciated from 299.7 dinar to 1

Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Essay Example for Free

Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Essay Superstition, for the Ibo people provides explanations to unexplained phenomena. For example, their idea of the obanje explains a woman who has the misfortune of many children repeatedly dying as infants. The Oracle gives the Ibo people a way to feel connected with the gods. For the Ibo, the Oracle functions as a way to explain events, as well as a way to predict the future. The Ibo people go to the Oracle for advice. In some other cultures, people pray to their deity to be guided in the right direction or to understand why things happen the way that they do. When the Ibo people want to know what they must do, in an unclear situation (such as how to handle Ikemefuna), they consult the oracle. Most superstitions in the Ibo society are based on lack of knowledge about something. Superstition, in most societies, functions as an explanation for that which we cannot explain with science or logic. It also functions, sometimes, as a form of entertainment and as a way of promoting cultural unity. For example, the ritual involving ancestral spirits coming out to scare the women serves to promote togetherness in the community, to entertain, and to maintain religious and spiritual worship. Another superstition that the Ibo hold is that if you answer, yes? to a call from outside, it could be an evil spirit tricking you. It seems to be that this superstition serves a main purpose of making the people wary. Superstitions evolve from unanswered questions. In Ibo culture, things happened that the people did not understand. A woman would bear two children who looked alike. Perhaps the Ibo people were afraid of this occurrence and gradually began to believe that twins were evil. There is also the Ibo concept of the obanje, a wicked child who dies as an infant, only to reenter the mothers womb repeatedly, causing the parents pain and strife. Without modern medical technology, how would people explain a particular womans children always dying as infants? The Ibo people turned to superstition and folklore. It is not clear from where belief in the Oracle evolved. It seems, however, that this has been a tradition that has been passed on from many generations. A possible explanation would be that long ago one priest or  priestess was receiving many questions from villagers. Unsure of what to do, this priest may have gone into a dark cave to be alone and to try to find the answers from the gods. Perhaps the priest felt a special spiritual energy while inside of the cave, and determined that this must have been a place where he could communicate with the gods. Although the actual origin may be different, many superstitions evolve from this similar type of curiosity and searching for truth.

History of the Independance Movement :: Essays Papers

History of the Independance Movement One of the most important forces that governed the course of Cuba’s colonial history was the concept of racism. From the moment that Christopher Columbus ignored the presence of indigenous peoples, and claimed the island for Spain on his first voyage in 1492, to the day Carlos Manuel de Cà ©spedes began the first revolution to independence, there was a strong tradition of separation and objectification (Franklin 1,4). Diego Velà ¡zquez was appointed governor of Cuba in 1511 (Franklin, 1). He founded the first European settlement, Nuestra Senora de la Asuncià ³n de Baracoa, on the Northeastern coast of the island. The European settlement of the Nuestra Senora de la Asuncià ³n was established in the middle of a pre-existing indigenous settlement, from which it got the name Baracoa (La Rosa Corzo, 35). Similar situations occurred in many of the other original settlements, such as the town of San Salvador de Bayamo. Christian prefixes were added to the indigenous names of towns. Europeans settled the center of these villages and natives were moved to the outskirts (La Rosa Corzo). During the fist one hundred years of colonization, the Native American population was greatly reduced, and gradually replaced by African workers (36). However, the pattern of settlement remained a constant. In a 1605 census two per cent of the total population was considered Indian, and thirty-six percent were African slaves. Most of these Indians lived outside of major cities under the jurisdiction of their own tribal leaders (36). As the French, Dutch and British began their exploration of the Caribbean, Spain was encouraged expedite its settlement of its existing colonies. Rapid settlement, coupled with Charles III’s 1789 policy of free trade in African slavery, led to the development of plantations, and a slave society (Howard, 2). By the beginning of the nineteenth century the stage was set for Cuba to become the biggest sugar producer in the world. The previous leading producer, San Domingue had almost lost its hold on the sugar trade altogether, due to the revolution. The United States was newly independent form European rules and looking for new trade partners; there was an opening in the market.

Climate Change Impact On Agriculture In Pakistan Environmental Sciences Essay

Climate alteration is a phenomenon that arises due to emanations of nursery gases from fuel burning, deforestation, urbanisation and industrialisation, ensuing fluctuations in solar energy, temperature and precipitation. ( Upreti, 1999 ) . It is a existent menace to life which mostly affects H2O resources, agribusiness, coastal parts, fresh water home grounds, flora, woods, snow screen, and geological procedures such as thaw, land sliding, desertification and inundations all of which have long-run affects on nutrient security and human wellness. ( G.Malla.2008 ) . Climate alteration is a planetary issue ; debated on at all foreparts whether it ‘s political, economic or scientific. Climate must be prevented from farther harm. Before the terminal arrives, there is a demand on all degrees of society to understand clime, the factors behind alteration and its impact on our agribusiness and economic system. It is a good known fact that agribusiness is the anchor of Pakistan. Agriculture and agri-related activities form 80 % of the state ‘s economic system. Agriculture is relatively more sensitive to alterations in clime, and can be impacted badly due to events such as ill-timed rainfalls, utmost temperatures and carbondioxide concentrations. A demand arises to closely detect the environment and take up necessary steps for undertaking these challenges. This research work is an effort to turn to the issues and jobs faced by Pakistan ‘s agricultural sector and happen the necessary solutions.2. Statement OF THE PROBLEM:Pakistan ‘s economic system and prosperity is closely linked to its agribusiness. Pakistan ‘s economic activities relate straight or indirectly to agricultural sector. Agricultural sector is dependent on nature. The unsure alterations in nature i.e. altering in precipitation form, highly high and low temperatures, cyclones, electrical storms, fluctuati on in H2O degree, impurification of air, H2O and dirt, have made agribusiness and agri-production a ambitious issue. Unusual heavy rain storms in 2010, which resulted in inundations and deformation of agribusiness and belongings, are an illustration of clime alteration. The loss to the economic system and the people agonies are still remembered and unforgettable. It is the demand of the twenty-four hours to carefully detect clime alteration, the causes of utmost conditions events and happen the necessary solutions to the jobs. Issues sing susceptibleness to extreme climate conditions should be addressed with earnestness to salvage Pakistan ‘s agricultural sector and accordingly the national economic system. This research survey is an effort in turn toing and finally work outing the jobs faced by Pakistan ‘s agribusiness sector due to unsure climate revolutionization.3. Aim:Sing the importance of agricultural sector for the economic system and nutrient demands of Pakistan, there is a demand for dependable estimations of major harvest production under varied clime alteration commissariats and fortunes. Although clime is an unmeasurable fact that is affected by assorted factors i.e. Carbon dioxide concentration in ambiance, temperature fluctuations, precipitation rates, H2O degree, dirt eroding, salt etc. The factors that are straight set uping harvest production are temperature and precipitation rates. This research survey will analyse harvest production with temperature and precipitation rates. The nucleus intents of this research survey will be as under ; 1. To detect the tendency of clime alteration from the last three decennaries i.e. from 1980 to 2010 ; 2. To analyse temperature and rainfall, as the cardinal factors set uping agricultural production, with the major hard currency harvests and nutrient harvests in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa ; 3. To look into the likely impacts of recent and predicted future clime alteration on different harvests production ; 4. To size up different adaptative schemes in get bying with the ruinous conditions of environment and bettering the entire harvests yield ;4. Significance:Pakistan is an agricultural state ; climate alteration impact on agricultural sector is a serious issue that demands immediate attending. This research survey chiefly focuses on the impact of clime alteration on agricultural sector of Pakistan such as ill-timed rainfalls and temperature fluctuations that finally consequences in either drawn-out drouths, unalarmed inundations, addition in dirt erodings and lessening in land productiveness, which finally consequences in the migrations and desertification. The state ‘s socio-economic apparatus suffers the most that leads to a weak state. The most recent impact of clime alteration was seen in July 2010, when inundations destroyed 1000s of small towns all over Pakistan. The greatest hit among them was Khyber Pakhtunkhawa ( KPK ) . The nucleus intent of this research survey is to analyse the temperature and precipitation effects on agricultural green goods in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa. Major harvests will be taken up in this respect, to analyse them in relation with temperature and precipitation from 1980 to 2010. Predictions of temperature and precipitation will assist us accommodate in the hereafter with utmost cropping and harvest home seasons. Prevention can be done before catastrophe work stoppages to safeguard the involvement of a hapless husbandman.5. RESEARCH Question:This research survey will endeavor towards happening replies to the undermentioned inquiries ; 1. Be at that place any possible harm caused by clime alteration to Pakistan ‘s economic system as a whole and agribusiness sector in peculiar? 2. What are the impacts of 2010 inundations on the production of major harvests in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa? 3. Are at that place any adaptive schemes to climate alteration that can assist rural communities strengthen their capacity to get by with catastrophes? 4. What should be the future land-management accomplishments of husbandmans to climate alteration? 5. What measures should be taken in the hereafter to diversify the support of the hapless husbandmans?6. Methodology:The methodological analysis to be adopted for this survey will be as under ; Major factors set uping clime alteration on agricultural sector are temperature and precipitation rates. Harmonizing to the works physiology literature, works development is a additive positive map of temperature, within a scope of temperature between lower limit and maximal thresholds ( Ritchie and Smith, 1991 ) . Keeping this in head, the econometric theoretical account used for analysing the clime impact on agricultural sector will use both maximal and minimal temperatures, which are positively related to harvest ‘s output. Furthermore, precipitation rates set uping harvests outputs will be captured by the relevant econometric and mathematical equations. The information sing the temperature and precipitation variables will be obtained from Pakistan Metrological Department. The information for the entire output of assorted harvests in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ( KPK ) will be attained from the Pakistan Federal Bureau of Statistics. Climate alteration tendency will besides be observed by prosecuting different econometric and statistical techniques and processs. The econometric theoretical account used in the research survey will be analyzed with the aid of econometric package ; SPSS or SAS. The elaborate analysis of the econometric theoretical accounts will be explained and decisions will be drawn from it. The socioeconomic impacts on people every bit good as on the development of state will besides be addressed. Future recommendations every bit good as the adaptative schemes for hooking with utmost environment conditions will besides be given.7. PROVISIONAL Chapter STRUCTURE:The proposed chapter construction of the survey will be as under ; Chapter I ; Agriculture sector and its importance to the economic system of Pakistan. Chapter II ; Climate alteration and its impact on Pakistan agricultural sector. Chapter III ; Agricultural production in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa as affected by the alteration in climatic conditions ; Reappraisal of the major harvests over the last three decennaries. Chapter IV ; Analysis and probe of the major harvests of Khyber Pakhtunkhawa with climate alteration factors, utilizing Econometric techniques. Chapter V ; Reasoning the survey ; assorted adaptability and compatibility schemes in relation to climate alteration will be discussed.8. LITERATURE REVIEW:Agribusiness is highly vulnerable to climate alteration. Higher temperatures finally cut down outputs of desirable harvests while promoting weed and pest production. Changes in precipitation forms elevate the short-term harvest malfunction and declines long-term productions. Although there will be an addition in some harvests production in some parts of the universe, the overall impacts of clime alteration on agribusiness are expected to be negative, intimidating planetary nutrient security. International Food Policy Research Institute ( 2009 ) conducted a survey that concentrates on assorted agricultural sector issues in Asia and the Pacific. It presents indexs of exposure, sensitiveness, and adaptative capacity of agribusiness sector in the part. Those indexs underline the exposure of the agribusiness sector as a beginning of support and nutrient security for many people. This survey besides represents huge heterogeneousness in farming systems across Central, East, Southeast, and South Asia and the Pacific Islands. It besides highlights many other facets of exposure to climate alteration across the part that includes undernourishment, poorness and decelerate productivity. , all of which are aggravated by the effects of clime alteration. Neil Leary and Jyoti Kulkarni, ( 2007 ) , work is based on a combination of instance surveies from different parts of the universe. These surveies have debated clime exposure to impacts from clime fluctuation and alteration. The possible results from exposure to climate jeopardies and clime alteration are identified as high-ranking concern in these studies.. It includes H2O scarceness that retards advancement towards development ends, losingss of full ecosystems and their species, more frequent and greater loss of life in coastal zones, land debasement, nutrient insecurity and dearth, loss of supports and increase in infective disease epidemics. All of these are possible results of exposure to climate jeopardies. It is a beginning of greater information as it has addressed clime alteration impacts on all foreparts of life whether it is societal, economic or political. Santiago Olmos ( 2001 ) provides an lineation of version issues, capable to climate exposure literature and clime treatments. This paper covers appraisals of clime exposure in assorted parts of the universe and developing states in peculiar. The paper besides discusses some of the bing resources that can be used to carry on clime exposure appraisals and version work. The current research work is alone in the sense that it will indicate out the impacts of clime alteration on the agricultural sector of Pakistan. More specifically, major countries of concern will be the climate impact on harvests outputs in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa over the last three decennaries. The direct and indirect societal and economic impacts of clime alteration will besides be analyzed in this survey. Adaptive and preventative steps in hooking with utmost clime conditions will besides be given in this research survey.

Patterns in Strategy Formation Essay

A critical summary of the article â€Å"Patterns in strategy formation† written by Henry Mintzberg, published in Journal Management Science Vol. 24, No. 9, (1978) A short overview The paper,†Patterns in strategy formation†, outlines a new kind of description to the much misunderstood process of strategy formation in organizations. After giving a short summary of the theme, the author, Henry Mintzberg, describes the term â€Å"strategy† and shows how the definition leads to the choice of a research methodology. Following this, he details the four steps of research methodology. With to completed, major studies about two organizations (Volkswagenwerk and the United States government in Vietnam) Mintzberg analyzes three central themes. The first is that strategy formation can be viewed as the interplay between a dynamic environment and bureaucratic momentum, with leadership mediating between the two. Second, that strategy formation over periods of time appears to follow distinct regularities, for example life cycles or change-continuity cycles within life cycle. And third the study of the interplay between intended and realized strategies may be central to the strategy formation process. Definition of strategy and the research methodology In the first section of the paper, Mintzberg describes the term †strategy†. Strategy is generally defined, whether in game, military or management theory, as a deliberate, conscious set of guidelines that determines decisions into the future. In common terminology, a strategy is a plan. Mintzberg illustrates that defining strategy as a plan is not sufficient, because if strategies can be intended, surely they can also be realized. A definition that encompasses the resulting behavior is therefore required. The author proposes to define strategy in general as a pattern in a stream of decisions. To clarify this definition of strategy, he introduces a few illustrations. For example, when Picasso painted blue for a time, that was a strategy †Blue Strategy†. This definition of strategy necessitated the analysis of decision streams in a organizations over time periods to detect the development and breakdown of patterns. Therefore Mintzberg subdivided the analysis of the studies into four central steps. 1st step: Collection of basic data. 2nd step: Inference of strategies and periods of change. 3rd step: Intensive analysis of periods of change. 4th step: Theoretical analysis. After giving a brief review of the periods of strategy in two organizations, using the terminology of the research, the author comes to the core of the paper, which is the presentation of some theoretical conclusions about strategy formation. Strategy formation as the interplay of environment, leadership and bureaucracy Mintzberg outlines strategy formation in most organizations as the interplay of three basic forces revolving around the dynamic environment that changes continuously but irregularly, organizational management or bureaucracy that attempts to stabilize the actions of the organizations whilst operating in the dynamic environment, and leadership of the organizations whose role is to mediate between the two forces. From this point of departure, the author provides a definition of strategy and of strategic change. †Strategy can then be viewed as the set of consistent behaviors by which the organization establishes for a time its place in its environment, and strategic change can be viewed as the organization’s response to environmental change, constrained by the momentum of the bureaucracy and accelerated or dampened by the leadership†. Mintzberg illustrates, that the two organizations (Volkswagenwerk and U.S. government in Vietnam) are stories of how bureaucratic momentum constrains and leadership dampens strategic change. In 1965, for example, when the United States government escalated the Vietnam war in a way that made the escalation inevitable, the new leadership, named Johnson, dampened the strategic change, under the environmental and bureaucratic pressures. Also in 1960, when action was needed in the face of an increasingly changed environment, the central leadership of Volkswagenwerk was not forthcoming. Patterns of strategic change According to Mintzberg, patterns of strategic change are never steady, but rather irregular and ad hoc, with a complex intermingling or periods of change, continuity. Even so, he recognizes some patterns in strategy formation that may enable organizations to understand better their strategic situations. The first pattern is the life cycle of an overall strategy, based on four phases: conception, elaboration, decay and death. The author illustrates that the case of Vietnam represents the classic strategic life cycle. The second pattern is the presence of periodic waves of change and continuity within the life cycle. This second pattern suggests that strategies do not commonly change incrementally. Rather, change takes place in spurts, each followed by a period of stability. Mintzberg notes, that nowhere is the change-continuity cycle better demonstrated than in the stepwise escalation of the Vietnam metastrategy. According to the author, the reason for the periods of change and continuity is that human do not react to phenomena continuously, but rather in discreet steps, when changes are large enough to be perceived. In a similar manner, strategic decision processes in organizations are not continuous, but irregular. Based on both studies, Mintzberg notes, that there are dangers in incremental changes. He argues that strategy-makers seem prepared to assume positions in incremental steps that they would never begin to entertain in global ones. On the other hand, global change is very difficult to conceive and execute successfully. According to the author, this is perhaps the strategy-maker’s greatest dilemma. The danger of incremental changes versus the difficulty of global changes. Interplay between intended and realized strategies The author identifies two kinds of strategies: intended and realized. He illustrates, that these two can be combined in three ways: Intended strategies that get realized, which are called deliberate strategies (e.g. the Volkswagen strategy of 1948 to 1958). Intended strategies that do not get realized, which are called unrealized strategies (e.g. Kennedy’s intended strategy of 1961 of advising the Vietnamese). Realized strategies that were never intended, which are called emergent strategies (e.g. the U.S. strategy of finding itself in a fighting instead of advising role). Furthermore, Mintzberg argues that it is possible to find a number of other relationships between intended and realized strategies, such as intended strategies that, as they get realized, change their form and become emergent; emergent strategies that get formalized as deliberate ones; or intended strategies that get overrealized. This view challenges the tenets of planning theory, which postulates that the strategy-maker formulates from on high while the subordinates implement lower down. Mintzberg argues that this dichotomy between strategy formulation and strategy implementation is a false one under certain conditions – e.g. the formulator isn’t fully informed or the environment isn’t sufficiently stable -, because it ignores the learning that must often follow the conception of an intended strategy. According to Mintzberg, another important point is that the formalization of an emergent strategy as the new, intended strategy is hardly incidental to the organization. The author states that the very act of explicating an implicit strategy changes fundamental the attitude of the bureaucracy and of the environment. He further argues that the very fact of making a strategy explicit provides a clear and formal invitation to the bureaucracy to run with it. But the author also notes that sometimes it can be risky to make strategy explicit, notably in an uncertain environment with an aggressive bureaucracy. He makes the point that the strategy-maker may awake one day to find that his intended strategy has somehow been implemented beyond his wildest intentions. It has been overrealized. Conclusion and critique on the paper In my estimation, the paper †Patterns in strategy formation† is very well-written. The author, Mintzberg, first describes what the paper will be all about. After that, he introduces the theme, strategy as a pattern in a stream of decisions, and shows how this definition leads naturally to the choice of a research methodology. After that, he explains the four steps of the analysis he will use to reviews the major periods of two organizations (Volkswagenwerk and U.S. government in Vietnam). By using these major studies he arouses the reader’s interest and creates a fundamental basis to examine and prove aspects, that strategy formation can be viewed as the interplay of environment, bureaucracy and leadership, that that strategy formation appears to follow distinct regularities and that the study of the interplay between intended and realized strategies may be central to the strategy formation process. Furthermore, he admits that this studies constitute a limited data base, but they do call into question a number of assumptions about the process of strategy formation in organizations, e.g. that a strategy is not a fixed plan, that dichotomy between strategy formulation and strategy implementation is a false one under certain common conditions or that it can sometimes be risky to make strategy explicit. Some general conclusions suggested by these studies are complex and very difficult to understand but, nevertheless, the well-disposed reader understands the approach. This is mainly because, he explains his statements on this two studies closely. To sum up, the paper is well-structured and of a good concept. Furthermore, the paper ties in with very important and interesting research-fields in strategy management.

Drinking age debate Essays

Drinking age debate Essays Drinking age debate Paper Drinking age debate Paper How Old is Old Enough? Drinking Age 11/11/2011 How old is old enough to have an alcoholic beverage? Iris Cummings The legal drinking age is a topic that has come up for, and will continue to come up for, many years. The main question that needs to be answered is what is it that determines when a person is able to drink. Should we continue to base the drinking level on age or should we look at other characteristics. Those enrolled in the military have special benefits when it comes to drinking. In the year of 2011, the legal drinking age in the United States for all non-military people is 21 years of age. There is research for both sides of the spectrum. Some believe that the age should be lowered from 21, while others believe 21 is the perfect age. Then there are the people who say that the drinking age should be taken even higher than 21 . Some want the drinking age to be as high as 25. Will lowering the drinking age stop teens from binge drinking? If we take the drinking age higher, will it simply cause rebellion in the teen world? Many feel as though the law of 21 before drinking saves 1,000 deaths per year. The numbers of teens killed in alcohol related accidents have ropped somewhere from 11-16 percent since the 21 law have been implemented. Taking on higher drinking ages allows for a low intoxication level. For instance, in Georgia, where 21 is the legal drinking age, the blood alcohol level to be considered intoxicated is sitting at 0. 08 percent. In places such as New Hampshire, where Arizona is the legal drinking age, blood alcohol content level is listed as high as 0. 15 (Carter). These levels start to become dangerous when one realizes that one drink can cause a persons blood alcohol content to be 0. 2. If teen blows even 0. 1 into a breathalyzer, it is a crime of underage drinking. The punishment of underage drinking includes a large fine and even Jail time (Ash). It is taken very seriously in order to encourage teens to not even take that one sip betore they are ot age. It we were to lower the drinking age below 21, there is research that shows binge drinking in teens will rise to an alarmingly high rate within a single year. It would also lead to a negative impact on the cognitive development among our countrys youth. The brain is not fully developed during a persons teen years. Drinking too early could cause a permanent slowness in the rate of brain development and would be reflected in the education realm. Underage consumption of alcohol could cause handicaps that affect the consumer for years to come. A host of research formulated in a news paper by Andy Lewis, the ERLCs research editor, shows that lowering age restrictions for alcohol consumption would not reverse negative trends but enhance them, a fallout for youth and society that would only snowball. Among his findings, Lewis found that a lowered legal drinking age Would result in drinking at ven younger ages, increased cases of drunken driving, more vehicular accidents, and higher levels binge drinking, especially among teenagers. (Bond) Many cases of binge drinking come from college students between the ages of 18 and 20 years old. Lewis thinks that lowering the drinking age would encourage even younger age groups to incur binge drinking. He believes that teens as young as 13 years old will be involved in the peer pressure to drink. This could cause more alcohol related accidents because it involves drinking large amounts of alcohol very quickly. A 13- ear-old does not have a fully developed frontal lobe and even without alcohol will make some decisions that are not in ones best interest. The influence of alcohol working against an underdeveloped mind and underdeveloped motor skills it leads to disaster. There will always be an age implemented in the law for drinking, but some feel as though the law does not apply to them. How is it that 18-year-olds get alcohol when they are not even old enough to walk into a liquor store? Those who use their ID to obtain alcohol for younger individuals are breaking the law. The adopted slogan is Its your ID, you use it. There are cases where parents allow their children and other peoples children to drink at their expense. They argue that what goes on in the walls of their own house is their business and that it stays within the walls. They feel like the children are not in harms way because they are in the house and are being watched. What these parents apparently fail to realize is that Just because it goes on in the walls of their house does not all of a sudden make the law disappear. It is still illegal and is a serious charge against them if taken to court. Ash, P. , and Levy, D. T. The Minimum Legal Drinking Age and Traffic Fatalities. Rockville, MD: NIAAA, 1986. Print. Bond, J. , and Jones, B. Raising the Legal Drinking Age. Columbia, SC: SC Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse, 1983. Print. Carter, R. A. Legal Drinking Age. Albany, NY: Legislative and Governmental Services: 1983. Print. Bibliography Legal Drinking Age. Albany, NY Legislative and ernmental Services: 1 Powers, Rod. U. S. Military: Military Drinking Age. (http://usmilitary. about. com/library/ polls/blmildrinkingage. htm)web. Oct. 14 2011

5 Sentences Repaired by Correct Use of Commas

5 Sentences Repaired by Correct Use of Commas 5 Sentences Repaired by Correct Use of Commas 5 Sentences Repaired by Correct Use of Commas By Mark Nichol 1. â€Å"Students write a third essay regarding the impact of geography on history and culture.† The implication of this sentence is that students produce three essays on the topic in question. But if the preceding text refers to differing topics for the first two essays, the sentence suffers from insufficient differentiation. This revision specifies that the third essay’s topic differs from those of the others: â€Å"Students write a third essay, this one regarding the impact of geography on history and culture.† 2. â€Å"Students participate in a workshop on learning to research effectively and refine their search with a professional researcher.† The relationship between the verb phrases in this sentence is unclear: Do students first participate in a workshop and then refine their research, or do they participate in a workshop about researching effectively, during which they also refine their search? Either way, the sentence, because of the ambiguity, is erroneously organized. If the former meaning is intended, the sentence should read, â€Å"Students participate in a workshop in which they first learn to research effectively and then refine their search with a professional researcher.† If the latter meaning is the correct interpretation, it should read, â€Å"Students participate in a workshop on learning to research effectively, and then refine their search with a professional researcher.† 3. â€Å"He invoked the dreaded comparison with Mary Smith, only Jones has been more successful in her sport than Smith.† Because of the paucity of punctuation in this sentence, the sentence could be read as containing a comma splice, an error in which a comma is incorrectly employed in place of a more substantial punctuation mark. But if a semicolon or a period separates the two clauses, and the second element (depending on which punctuation mark is used, an independent clause or a separate sentence) seems to imply that no one other than Jones has been more successful than Smith, a non sequitur results. It’s much more likely that only serves as a less formal synonym for however. However, just as when that word is used, the sentence still requires stronger punctuation to clarify its function: â€Å"He invoked the dreaded comparison with Mary Smith; only, Jones has been more successful in her sport than Smith.† The semicolon seems too formal for the casual only, though; a dash seems more appropriate. Either way, however, only must be set off from the following statement by a comma: â€Å"He invoked the dreaded comparison with Mary Smith only, Jones has been more successful in her sport than Smith.† 4. â€Å"She also uses a Geiger counter, which measures radiation; motion detectors; barometric-pressure monitors; and thermometers.† This sentence, containing four listed elements only one of which, the first, is modified is hampered by the notion that because of that extra phrase, the usual commas must be promoted to semicolons to bear the burden of supporting the sentence’s structure. When used with such short phrases, however, the semicolons seem overbearing. The simple insertion of the conjunction plus, which serves to provide more distance between sentence elements than the standard and, obviates the complicating semicolon solution: â€Å"She also uses a Geiger counter, which measures radiation, plus thermometers, motion detectors, and barometric pressure monitors.† (Notice that, for euphony, I’ve reordered the additional list items according to the number of syllables in each item.) 5. â€Å"The majority has upheld the act in whole, not by relying on an expansive reading of the commerce clause, but on Congress’s firmly rooted power to tax.† The initial proposition in this sentence, â€Å"The majority has upheld the act in whole not by relying on an expansive reading of the commerce clause . . .,† is a continuous thought, and there is no reason to include punctuation within it. But there’s a larger problem: The sentence is not parallel. Relying should be repositioned to serve both propositions (those beginning â€Å"not on† and â€Å"but on†), because the structure of the two phrases, in the original sentence respectively headed by â€Å"not by† and â€Å"but on,† is discordant. The solution, which (like â€Å"not only . . . but also† constructions), requires no internal punctuation: â€Å"The majority has upheld the act in whole by relying not on an expansive reading of the commerce clause but on Congress’s firmly rooted power to tax.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a US Business Letter44 Resume Writing TipsOne Scissor?

What You Need to Know About Becoming a Dental Assistant

What You Need to Know About Becoming a Dental Assistant Going to the dentist’s office probably isn’t one of your favorite activities. Yet it’s a necessary part of taking care of yourself, and if you’re lucky you’ve found a great dental office and staff that make the process less painful- literally! The dental assistant is an essential member of this team, caring for patients and/or keeping the office running. If you think you might be interested in joining this career path, here’s a snapshot of the dental assisting field. What does a dental assistant do?A dental assistant’s responsibilities may include:Managing patient intakeMaintaining office recordsScheduling appointmentsAssisting the dentist during proceduresSterilizing and maintaining equipmentTaking patient x-rays (additional certification may be necessary)Teaching good oral hygiene and post-appointment care to patientsI’m squeamish about medical procedures. Can I still be a dental assistant?Yes! Many offices hire dental assista nts who primarily manage the office and perform clerical tasks like maintaining records, managing patient appointments, billing, acting as the office receptionist, and ordering and managing supplies. You’ll want to check job postings carefully to make sure that the job doesn’t require hands-on patient care or assisting the dentist during procedures.How do I become a dental assistant?In most cases, becoming a dental assistant doesn’t require a four-year college degree. However, some states require that dental assistant candidates complete a certification program and/or pass an exam, so you’ll want to be aware of your own state’s requirements before you choose this path.You’ll need strong organizational and clerical skills as a dental assistant, as well as solid communication and interpersonal skills. You’d be working with staff and patients (and you may be the first face people see when they visit your dental office), so those customer service skills are especially important in this role.How much do dental assistants make?The median salary for dental assistants is $34,500, per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. According to surveys done by Payscale, dental assistant salaries can vary pretty widely depending on location and experience level at hiring. Payscale also found that salaries tended to be higher for assistants who brought strong office and business skills to their current job.Dental assistants also have high job satisfaction, per the Payscale survey: 5 out of 5 dental assistants polled said they were â€Å"extremely satisfied† with their jobs.Who’s hiring dental assistants?Many dental assistants are employed by independent or small-practice dental offices, but there are also many large firms hiring as well. Among the top corporate employers are:Aspen DentalDental Group LtdFamily Dental CareHeartland Dental CareWhat does the dental assistant career path look like?This field is has great dev elopment potential, with the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicting 25% growth by 2022. Many dental assistants also choose to go on and become Certified Dental Assistants, dental hygienists, or a number of other dental/medical certification areas and administrative roles.Now that you know what it takes to get started in this popular and rewarding field, what do you think? Could this be you in the near future?

The Methods and Uses of Anthropological Demography Assignment

The Methods and Uses of Anthropological Demography - Assignment Example Subsequently, there are limited restrictions on the attendants of the facility since knowledge is open for all. This implies that issues such as religious restrictions, racial discrimination or economic restrictions are rarely exhibited in this facility. The library structure is sub-divided into four floors, each with a maximum carrying capacity of over five hundred individuals. This assists in identifying the working area in terms of the anticipated population, as well as the area of coverage (Hume 34). The determination of the appropriate time for conducting the anthropological study was quantified using the visualization of the behaviors exhibited by the target population (Rosenbaum, 45). This was defined by the common trends amongst the participants, as well as the economic patterns exhibited by the population. The aim of the research also contributed to the definition of the framework of time to be accepted for the study. The study sought to investigate the behaviors of the imme diate community. In this case, it was convenient to align the study time to the moments matching the extensive preferential in terms of the patterns of the community. On that note, the morning hours were most convenient. This implied that the study was to be performed during the morning session, from around eight o’clock to around one o’clock. The identification of this study period was based on the study patterns exhibited by the population. The students preferred to perform their study during the morning session and take a break by midday as they head for their midday meals. The senior populations also exhibited a preference for performing their study either in the morning or by the course of the day, especially from ten o’clock to twelve o’clock.  

Numerical Understanding in Preschool Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Numerical Understanding in Preschool - Essay Example It is not a far-fetched idea that preschool education effects the learning abilities and acumen of children up to the levels of elementary, middle, and even high school (Siegler, 2009). It is supported by scientific research, as will be stipulated later in the paper. However, it is quite understandable why this notion might be correct. Children develop learning habits quite early in their development and tend to carry those habits throughout life (Siegler, 2009). Their understanding of simple mathematical tasks, as an example, as developed in the early years, effects their understanding of complex calculation later on. These simple tasks, which should ideally be developed in preschool, include numeral identification, magnitude comparison, counting, and numeral line estimation (Siegler, 2009). Since the case under discussion focuses on preschools where the majority of the students come from low-income families, another angle which should be discussed is the lack of development of math ematical skills of these children as compared to their counterparts from middle-income families, who develop relatively higher levels of mathematical skills (Siegler, 2009). The reasons for this could be the exposure of children to mathematical tasks, as is often related to the counting of bills, or the hearing of talk related to monetary calculations (Siegler, 2009). The middle-class children, being more exposed to such situations, develop a better numerical sense and understanding as compared to children from low-income families, thereby putting them at an advantage (Siegler, 2009).

Discussion question only Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion question only - Essay Example The question was ‘You should get your first cholesterol test at age 45.†, to which I answered fiction because I believe you should start younger. The elaborated answer says â€Å"Everyone should get a cholesterol test at least every five years, starting in their 20s† so I am unclear as to how my answer was wrong. It is important to monitor cholesterol levels. The questions concerning heart arrhythmias were all answered correctly accept for the answer that all arrhythmias could be detected by an electro cardiogram. Apparently some arrhythmias can come at different times of activity and may not be apparent at the time of the test. I was unaware that 2600 people die of heart disease every day. I also was not aware that prescribing antibiotics may be necessary in the case of a heart murmur as a preventative measure. I am at low risk for Diabetes II. The three things that I can do to decrease my already low risk is: Eat more whole grains: aim for 3 servings per day. - Eat unsaturated fats, like liquid vegetable oil, on most days (but watch your calories to avoid gaining extra weight). - Achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Is the media a valuable resource to help consumers improve their knowledge for prevention of cancer and heart disease? Provide an example of one media source you feel is valuable and one you feel might be harmful. Explain and support your reasoning. The media source that is both the most valuable and the most harmful as a resource for knowledge on cancer and heart disease would be the internet. The internet is an extremely valuable tool for anyone needing to research an ailment that has appeared in life. With access to medical information, definitions, and treatment explanations one can research an affliction in a way that allows the information to be absorbed, contemplated, and then acted upon. In a doctor’s office one has a few minutes to hear what is said and must digest that information under the pressure of the

Marketing plan of Aberdeen Beach Regeneration Essay

Marketing plan of Aberdeen Beach Regeneration - Essay Example 3 1.0: Background Analysis and Assumptions 4 1.1: Background Analysis 4 1.2: Assumptions 4 2.0: Marketing Objectives and Strategies 6 2.1: Marketing Objectives 6 3.0: Alternative Plans and Mixes 8 4.0: Budget 10 5.0: Implementation Programme 11 References 13 Executive Summary This paper carries out a background analysis to provide assumptions for a market plan for the regeneration of Aberdeen Beach. The paper explains the marketing objectives and strategies of the regeneration of Aberdeen Beach market plan. Alternative plans and mixes are explained, in detail, to predetermine the budget requirements of the market plan. After drawing the market plan budget for the regeneration of Aberdeen Beach, a detailed implementation programme for the market plan is provided, at the end. 1.0: Background Analysis and Assumptions 1.1: Background Analysis Aberdeen Beach is endowed with abundant capital and a good regional market. Also, the regional market for Aberdeen Beach is ideal for market segmen tation. With a good city image and heightened technology, Aberdeen Beach is capable of occupying the market share rapidly. For instance, there are few amusement parks and large shopping centres within Aberdeen. Therefore, market penetration and acquisition of a significant market share is highly attainable. There is an opportunity of opening a new tourist market in Aberdeen Beach, and utilizing new investors who are available. However, building a large market centre and an amusement park for Aberdeen Beach is a time consuming project that requires long-term investment and collection of funds for that purpose. In addition, the project may be adversely affected by a change in customer preferences and slow market growth. Changes in industry policy and economic recession are potential threats to the regeneration of the marketing plan for Aberdeen Beach. Based on the marketing audit and the SWOT analysis for Aberdeen Beach, some assumptions have been made so as to be able to address sign ificant issues in the formulation of a supreme marketing plan for Aberdeen Beach. While drawing these assumptions, capabilities and the potential of achieving success in marketing for Aberdeen Beach have been taken into consideration. 1.2: Assumptions In the development of a market plan for the regeneration of Aberdeen Beach, assumptions that will enable the organisation achieve its objectives have been made. Through these assumptions, specific, measurable, achievable and time bound objectives for the regeneration of Aberdeen Beach have been developed. The first assumption involves the number of tourists. It is expected that the number or volume of tourists will increase by 10% every year. Therefore, in the first year, there will be a ten percent (10%) increase in the number of tourists who will visit the Aberdeen Beach. Secondly, it assumed that profits that will be earned from tickets will be considerable during summer, and revenue is expected to increase by 15% because there will be many people who would want to use the facilities within the Aberdeen Beach and pay for them. Currently, car parking at Aberdeen Beach is free. With an increase in the number of visitors, it is expected that a car parking fee will be introduced. Finally, through proper targeting, it is expected that 36% of the market share will be acquired by introducing an amusement park and a high-level bazaar in Aberdeen

Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Change Management - Essay Example Change Management Due to the unsteadiness of the business environment, companies around the world are trying to bring in some kind of changes in their functioning system so as to comply with the changing needs. These changes appear in many forms such as a change in the product portfolio of the company, alteration of the marketing and operations strategy, transformation of the distribution system and implementation of a new technology (Taylor, 2009). Furthermore, changes also appear in the external environment of the organization such as changes in the customer preferences, new rules and policies from the government, changes in the competitive landscape and industrial relations. Such changes in turn compel organizations to bring in internal changes so as to comply with the external factors (Cowan, 2005). Any such changes require effective management from the part of the company. This is the reason why change management is often defined as a structured approach for transforming an organization from its current position to a desired position for the future. A change in the organization is therefore deemed as an opportunity to embrace growth or an opportunity to survive in the market place (A. Mills, Dye & J. Mills, 2008). This study seeks to scrutinize the need for change in an organization and how the changes suggested will be achieved or implemented. In order to carry out the study and assess the need for organizational changes and present a plan to implement same, the study will choose an organization and will analyze it accordingly.... Virgin Australia Airlines: A Brief Overview Virgin Australia Airlines previously known as the Virgin Blue Airlines is an Australian based airlines service providing company. It operates under the brand name of Virgin. The company is considered as the second largest airline company of Australia in terms of the fleet size. The company was founded in the year 2000 by British businessman named as Richard Branson and Brett Godfrey. It is now based on Bowen Hills, Brisbane (Virgin Australia, 2013a). The company commenced its operation with only two aircrafts and both are operating on the same single route. Since, the inception the company has been recognized as one of the strongest aviation companies due to its sheer service offering and affordable pricing. Despite, affordable pricing the company has always focused on the leisure sector and tried to position itself as a carrier that offer high value for money (Virgin Australia, 2013b). In the year 2011, the company repositioned itself as à ¢â‚¬Ëœnew world carrier’. Since then the company has followed a business strategy in which it offers the ‘guests’ to avail no frill services in which they offer limited services and also offered customers with premium services in which customers need to pay a few extra bucks so as to get the additional services. With this strategy the company has been able to target a broader market. Currently the company caters to 50 destinations and serves 29 cities of Australia. The company remains highly proactive in the field of sponsorship and socially responsible activities. In the year 2011, the company again introduced certain new strategies where the employees are supposed to wear new uniforms, new

Medical surgical on discharge planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Medical surgical on discharge planning - Essay Example Discharge planning is about determining what a patient needs for a smooth move from one level of care to the other, as they shift from a hospital surgical ward to recover at home as an outpatient. It is certainly best to prepare a patient for recovery rather than to leave them in the dark to experience new things all by themselves because not knowing can have negative consequences. This write-up presents discharge planning for a patient who has had Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery performed on them in a surgical ward and is preparing to shift to their home. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery (CABG) is a surgical procedure that is performed to open blocked coronary arteries using grafts from a patient’s own arteries or veins located in the leg, arm or chest (Senagore, 2004, Pp. 346 – 352) and (Fuster, 2009, Chapter 65). The grafted arteries or veins replace blocked coronary arteries to restore blood flow to the heart and to present an improved performance by this vital organ, resulting in relief from chest pain, ischemia and an improvement in patient’s quality of life together with expectations of prolonging a patient’s life. However, CBGR is an invasive procedure carried out under general anaesthesia and the patient recovers under intensive care with assisted breathing administered by a mechanical ventilator. Prior to discharge, the patients usually spend a few days under observation in a non-surgical unit and are counselled and prepared for their discharge. Discharge planning refers to the process that is used to determine what a patient needs for a smooth move from one level of care to the other (Birjandi, 2009, Pp. 1 – 2). It is important to understand that discharge planning is not just about assisting patients to arrange for care after leaving a hospital. Discharge planning is about observing, analysing and deciding about how best to assist a patient to continue with their recovery at home after a physician has

Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Change Management - Essay Example Change Management Due to the unsteadiness of the business environment, companies around the world are trying to bring in some kind of changes in their functioning system so as to comply with the changing needs. These changes appear in many forms such as a change in the product portfolio of the company, alteration of the marketing and operations strategy, transformation of the distribution system and implementation of a new technology (Taylor, 2009). Furthermore, changes also appear in the external environment of the organization such as changes in the customer preferences, new rules and policies from the government, changes in the competitive landscape and industrial relations. Such changes in turn compel organizations to bring in internal changes so as to comply with the external factors (Cowan, 2005). Any such changes require effective management from the part of the company. This is the reason why change management is often defined as a structured approach for transforming an organization from its current position to a desired position for the future. A change in the organization is therefore deemed as an opportunity to embrace growth or an opportunity to survive in the market place (A. Mills, Dye & J. Mills, 2008). This study seeks to scrutinize the need for change in an organization and how the changes suggested will be achieved or implemented. In order to carry out the study and assess the need for organizational changes and present a plan to implement same, the study will choose an organization and will analyze it accordingly.... Virgin Australia Airlines: A Brief Overview Virgin Australia Airlines previously known as the Virgin Blue Airlines is an Australian based airlines service providing company. It operates under the brand name of Virgin. The company is considered as the second largest airline company of Australia in terms of the fleet size. The company was founded in the year 2000 by British businessman named as Richard Branson and Brett Godfrey. It is now based on Bowen Hills, Brisbane (Virgin Australia, 2013a). The company commenced its operation with only two aircrafts and both are operating on the same single route. Since, the inception the company has been recognized as one of the strongest aviation companies due to its sheer service offering and affordable pricing. Despite, affordable pricing the company has always focused on the leisure sector and tried to position itself as a carrier that offer high value for money (Virgin Australia, 2013b). In the year 2011, the company repositioned itself as à ¢â‚¬Ëœnew world carrier’. Since then the company has followed a business strategy in which it offers the ‘guests’ to avail no frill services in which they offer limited services and also offered customers with premium services in which customers need to pay a few extra bucks so as to get the additional services. With this strategy the company has been able to target a broader market. Currently the company caters to 50 destinations and serves 29 cities of Australia. The company remains highly proactive in the field of sponsorship and socially responsible activities. In the year 2011, the company again introduced certain new strategies where the employees are supposed to wear new uniforms, new

Pedro Paramo by Juan Rulfo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pedro Paramo by Juan Rulfo - Essay Example Thesis statement: The close examination of the novel Pedro Paramo proves that the writer’s diction is interconnected with his aim to portray the difference between past and present, symbolism is related to the symbols like rain and fertility, usage of imagery is related to air, water and stone, and figurative language is related to the development of magical realism as a specific genre in world literature. Plot summary The novel’s plot is related to the lives of the narrator (Juan Preciado), his father Pedro Paramo, and his (the narrator’s father’s) lover, Susana San Juan. One can see that Comala, the imaginary town, is the background of the novel. In the beginning of the novel, the narrator decides to conduct an expedition to Comala to find out his father. But he did not try to stick on to his decision. Later, he was forced to start his journey to the town of Comala. Within this context, the narrator portrays the present situation in Comala. Now, the situ ation is different because most of the people who live in this town are spirits/ghosts. In the work by Rulfo, Sacabo, and Peden, the narrator made clear that â€Å"Nothing but abandoned houses, their empty doorways overgrown with weeds† (19). ... In the end, the people of Comala were forced to die by starvation. Examination: This section includes topics like diction, which portrays the difference between past and present, symbolism or the usage of symbols in the novel like rain and fertility, the usage of imagery like air, water and stone, and the usage of figurative language which represents the development of the genre of magical realism. A. Diction One can easily identify that the novelist’s ultimate aim in the novel is to make use of the story telling technique (first person and third person narrative technique) to portray the difference between past and present. For instance, the opening of the novel deals with the present condition in Comala, which is described by the narrator. On the other side, after the narrator’s untimely death, the narration suddenly shifts from first person to third person. In this way, Juan Preciado becomes unimportant in the following sections of the novel. From a different angle o f view, both the son and the father are no more and narration is handed over to the novelist. At the same time, this technique does not hinder the development of the plot because the same revolves around Pedro Paramo’s adventures. In this way, the novelist fulfils his aim to portray the difference between past and present. B. Symbolism The symbols like rain and fertility are interconnected because rain is symbolic of life/fertility. In the novel, the element of rain is made use by the novelist to portray the problems faced by the people of Comala. To be specific, the present condition in Comala is related to the lack of rain and the negative attitude of the leader (Pedro Paramo). Here, the leader is symbolic of rain which provides all to the living world. On the other

Female Genital Mutilation Essay Example for Free

Female Genital Mutilation Essay Female genital mutilation includes â€Å"all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons† (WHO). The World Health Organization states that 140,000,000 girls and women worldwide are currently living with the consequences of female genital mutilation. The procedure can be carried out on babies as young as two weeks old and on woman in their twenties. The age at which girls are cut can vary widely from country to country, and even within countries. Most often, female genital mutilation happens before girls reach puberty (Women’s Health). In Africa, there is an estimated 101,000,000 girls 10 years old and above that have undergone female genital mutilation. The procedure is generally performed without anesthesia by an older woman who acts as the local midwife and it is often conducted in the girl’s home. However, there are a few villages that have all the girls lay next to each other and the circumciser cuts all of them in a row. The World Health Organization recognizes four types of female genital mutilation. Type 1 and Type 2 are closely related. Type I is the removal of the clitoral hood, which is rarely, if ever, performed alone. Type 2 is called a clitoridectomy. This procedure is the partial or total removal of the clitoris and inner labia, with or without the removal of the outer labia. In a 1998 report from the World Health Organization, they wrote the clitoris is held between the thumb and index finger, pulled out and amputated with one stroke of a sharp object†. The sharp object can be a knife, pair of scissors, cut glass, sharpened rocks or fingernails. Medical personnel are usually not involved. However, in Egypt, Sudan and Kenya, these procedures are carried out by health professionals (Pruthi). Type 3  is called infibulation. This is the process of removing all external genitalia and the fusing of the wound, leaving a small hole for passage of urine and menstrual blood. A pinhole is crea ted by inserting something (usually a twig or rock salt) into the wound before it closes. The wound may be sewed with surgical thread, and in some cases agave or acacia thorns are used to hold the sides together. Then, the girl’s legs are tied together from hips down to her ankles and left to heal for 2-6 weeks. The infibulated woman’s vulva is opened for sexual intercourse by her husband’s penis or a knife. This creates a tear which they gradually rip more and more until the opening is sufficient enough to admit the penis. In some women, â€Å"the scar tissue is so hardened and overgrown with keloidal formations that it can only be cut with very sharp surgical scissors† (Lightfoot-Klein). If the woman gets pregnant, they will cut her open with a knife in time to give birth. After they give birth, many women ask to have the infibulation restored. Skoll World Forum Type IV is unclassified and it includes â€Å"pricking, piercing or incising of the clitoris and/or labia; stretching of the clitoris and/or labia; cauterization of the clitoris and surrounding tissue; scraping of tissue surrounding the vaginal opening or cutting of the vagina; introduction of corrosive substances or herbs into the vagina to cause bleeding or for the purposes of tightening or narrowing it; and any other procedure that falls under the definition of female genital mutilation above† (Reyners). The origins of the practice are relatively unknown. Theres no way of knowing the origins of FGM (female genital mutilation), it appears in many different cultures, from Australian aboriginal tribes to different African societies, states medical historian David Gollaher, president and CEO of the California Healthcare Institute. There is a reference to it on the sarcophagus of Sit-hedjhotep, dating back to the Egypt’s Middle Kingdom. The inscription says â€Å"But if a man wants to know how to live, he should recite (a magical spell) every day, after his flesh has been rubbed with the b3d (an unknown substance) of an uncircumcised girl and the flakes of skin of an  uncircumcised bald man† (Knight, pp317). The English explorer William Browne reported in 1799 that infibulation was carried out on the slaves, coming from Egypt, to prevent pregnancy. Traders simply paid a higher price for women who were infibulated. Slave patterns across Africa account for the patterns of fe male genital mutilation found there. Egypt and Africa are not the only continents that have a history of female genital mutilation. Gynecologists in 19th century Europe and the United States would remove the clitoris for various reasons, including treating masturbation, because they believed that masturbation caused physical and mental disorders (Rodriguez, p323) Isacc Baker Brown was an English gynecologist who believed that the â€Å"unnatural irritation of the clitoris caused epilepsy, hysteria and mania†. A paper that was written in 1985 and published in the Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey says that â€Å"the last clitoridectomy was performed in the United States in the 1960s to treat hysteria, erotomania and lesbianism† (Cutner, p135) The practice of female genital mutilation is most common in the western, eastern, and north-eastern region of Africa, in some countries in Asia and the Middle East (WHO). There are currently 27 countries in sub-Saharan and Northeast Africa, and immigrant communities, which still perform female genital mutilation. Countries such as Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan are predominantly Type 3. The list of health complications that arise from female genital mutilation is very extensive. There are no health benefits and it rooted in gender inequality, ideas about purity, and is an attempt to control a woman’s sexuality. Immediate complications can include sever pain, shock, bleeding, tetanus or sepsis, urine retention, open sores in the genital region and injury to nearby genital tissue. African Women.Org state that the long term consequences from the procedure are: Repeated urinary infection because of the narrowing of the urinary outlet which prevents the complete emptying of urine from the bladder. Extremely painful menstruation due to the buildup of urine and blood in the uterus leading to inflammation of the bladder and internal sexual organs. Formation of scars and keloid on the vulva wound. The growth of dermoid cysts which may result in abscesses. Formation of fistula – the rupture of the vagina and/or uterus. Vulval abscesses. Severe pain during intercourse which may consist of physical discomfort and  psychological traumatization. Difficult child birth which in case of long and obstructed labour may lead to foetal death and brain damage of the infant. In the case of infibulation acute and chronic pelvic infection leading to infertility and/or tubal pregnancy. Accumulation of blood and blood clots in the uterus and/or vagina. Physical short term and long term complications are not the only result from female genital mutilation. Mental anguish can result from this brutal procedure. When Waris Dirie was about five years old, she was left in a makeshift shelter under a tree for several days to recover from her â€Å"operation†. She was told that God wanted her to do this and she wondered why God hated her so much. When she was thirteen, her father wanted her to marry a man in his 60s. Waris ran across the dessert to Mogadishu where she lived with relatives until she made it London and lived with her aunt. Whilst in London, a photographer spotted her and she became a supermodel, appearing in Chanel campaigns and was in the James Bond film The Living Daylights (Saner). Waris’s popularity and status helped to give her a voice and she went public in 1997 in a magazine interview, to tell the world about what happened to her and her aspiration to stop female genital mutilation. Waris means Desert Flower, a flower that can endure even the roughest of climates. She started a foundation named Desert Flower that seeks to end the crime of female genital mutilation by raising public awareness, creating networks, organizing events and educational programs. Her foundation Desert Flower also supports victims of female genital mutilation. Last month, in Berlin, she opened the first of what will be several medical centers to offer help to women who have suffered from female genital mutilation. Waris Dirie isn’t the only one that is opposed to female genital mutilation. Others, such as the World Health Organization, have been working to educate woman on their rights to their own bodies. Many laws have been enacted to protect these women, but few abide by these laws. Eighteen countries—Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Cà ´te d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Togo—have enacted laws criminalizing female genital mutilation. The penalties range from a minimum of three months to a maximum of life in prison. Several countries also impose monetary fines. The Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act of 1985 made female genital mutilation unlawful in  England and in Wales. However, there is evidence that people used a loophole to take young girls abroad temporarily to carry out the procedure. In the United States, Cornell University Law School teaches that â€Å"Except as provided in subsection, whoever knowingly circumcises, excises, or infibulates the whole or any part of the labia majora or labia minora or clitoris of another person who has not attained the age of 18 years shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both†. There are those out there that are for female genital mutilation. Many people from communities that practice it say that it is rooted in local culture and that the tradition has been passed from one generation to another. Culture and the preservation of cultural identity serve as the underlying impetus for continuing the practice. Many women will be social pariahs if they don’t go through the ritual. They cannot attend any public outing or funeral. If they children, they too will be outcast. Some of those who support female genital mutilation also justify it on grounds of hygiene and aesthetics, with notions that female genitalia are dirty and that a girl who has not undergone the procedure is unclean. The women that oppose the end of female genital mutilation compare it breast enlargements or rhinoplasty. They ask â€Å"why is okay for these women to change and shape their bodies to look the way that they want them to?† The answer, simply, is that these procedures are a women’s choice. They are eighteen years old and chose to have these procedures done to them. Female genital mutilation is child abuse and a violation of the basic human rights of women. The more we know about this procedure, the more we can do to put an end to it. References Consequences of FGM. African Women Organisation. N.p., 2009. Web. 21 Oct. 2013. . Cornell University Law School 18 USC  § 116 Female Genital Mutilation. LII. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2013. . Cutner, L.P. â€Å"Female genital mutilation† Pg 135. July 1985. Web. 18 Oct. 2013 http:/ww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Female Circumcision. Skoll World Forum. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2013. . Female Genital Cutting Fact Sheet. Womenshealth.gov. N.p., 15 Dec. 2009. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. . Female Genital Mutilation. WHO. World Health Organization, Feb. 2013. Web. 16 Oct. 2013. . Gollaher, David Discovery News. DNews. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. . Knight, Mary. Curing Cut or Ritual Mutliation. Chicago Journal 92.2 (2001): n. pag. JSTOR. June 2001. Web. 16 Oct. 2013. . Lightfoot-Klein, Hanny â€Å"Erroneous Belief Systems Underlying Female Genital Mutilation in Sub-Saharan Africa. Template. University of Maryland, 22 May 1994. Web. 16 Oct. 2013. . Pruthi, Priyanka. Child Protection from Violence, Exploitation and Abuse. UNICEF. N.p., 22 July 2013. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. . Reyners, Marcel. Health Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation. Health Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation 4.4 (2004): 243. Health Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation. Dec. 2004. Web. 18 Oct. 2013. . Rodriguez, Sarah W. Project MUSE Rethinking the History of Female Circumcision and Clitoridectomy: American Medicine and Female Sexuality in the Late Nineteenth Century. Rethinking the History of Femle Circumcision and Clitoridectomy 63.3 (2008): 323-47. Project MUSE Rethinking the History of Female Circumcision and Clitoridectomy: American Medicine and Female Sexuality in the Late Nineteenth Century. July 2008. Web. 18 Oct. 2013. . Saner, Emine. Waris Dirie: Female Genital Mutilation Is Pure Violence against Girls' The Guardian. N.p., 14 Oct. 2013. Web. 21 Oct. 2013. .

Miss Julie and Its Preface: The Foundation of a Critical Conflict Essay

  Ã‚     From its first publication and performance, August Strindberg's play "Miss Julie" has been the source of critical controversy and debate. Written in the span of little more than one month in the summer of 1888, the play was banned or censored throughout Europe in the late Nineteenth Century. Because it dealt with situations and attitudes deemed morally or socially offensive (the daughter of an aristocrat seduces her father's valet, and he, in turn, coerces her to commit suicide) the initial negative reaction to the play was rooted in generalized, fanatical, self righteous outrage and did not seek to deal with or engage the text in any specific manner. Instead, "Miss Julie" was a convenient target, symptomatic of all that was corrupting and dangerous in an increasingly progressive world. By the early Twentieth Century, however, more focused moral and artistic critiques were leveled at Strindberg's self proclaimed naturalistic tragedy, a discussion that continues to thrive even today. Though some of the moral and social issues may have lost their radical edge in later decades, there is still an ongoing, lively, and deeply divided debate.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is not to suggest that these modern critical concerns have forged superior or even different links with the past or to this piece of literature. On the contrary, I would submit that Strindberg himself, as a literary critic of his own work, established (consciously or unconsciously) the fundamental guidelines and ground rules for the interpretive controversies that have followed.   By creating a dynamic tension between his theoretical, essentially pragmatic intentions in his "Preface to Miss Julie" and his creative achievements in " Miss Julie" itself, Strindberg's e... ...wledge our inquiry provides centers around the critical orientation of each voice sounded in the debate.    Works Cited Henderson Archibald. European Dramatists. Cincinnati: Stewart and Kidd Co., 1913. Heller, Otto. Prophets of Dissent. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1918. Sprinchorn, Evert. Strindberg as Dramatist. New Haven: Yale UP, 1982. Strindberg, August. "Preface to Miss Julie". Michael Meyer trans., 1888. Rpt. in Strindberg Plays: One. Michael Meyer trans. Reading, UK: Cox and Wyman Ltd., 1993. ---. "Miss Julie". Michael Meyer trans., 1888. Rpt. in Strindberg Plays: One. Michael Meyer trans. Reading, UK: Cox and Wyman Ltd., 1993. Tornqvist, Egil and Jacobs, Barry. Strindberg's Miss Julie: A Play and Its Transpositions. Norwich: Norvik, 1988. Williams, Raymond. Drama: From Ibsen to Brecht. New York: Oxford UP, 1968.

The Pearl :: essays research papers

The Pearl: Prequel It was a dark and stormy night ... no that's not it. It was a beautiful sunny day ... not it either. Could it be uhh... On that rainy day when the sea would not quit, the sky growled and men shuttered in their huts. That's it !! Well now that I seem to temporarily regained my memory Ill tell you the story of that horrible season of the oyster conference. What's that you don't know what the oyster conference is! You see it is a time when the oysters of the world gather together in their respective clans and decide who shall carry the pearl of power. These pearls are no ordinary pearls. They were not made by an oyster but were forged by the pillar. This pillar was the giver of power before the pestilence of man arrived. Now the pillar does not exist due to the carelessness of man. To keep order among the oysters they gathered all the pearls forged by the pillar and cursed them so that if man found one in the leader oyster it would destroy the finder and find its way back to the sea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This conference I told you about is a great as well as horrible experience for all the oysters. Triumph and defeat lurks around all corners. The contending oysters must run the test and those standing at the end must do it again until one oyster stands. This was the first time in history that more than three tests had to be run. It came down to Chuck the clan favorite and Tinagel the outcast. Finally with a little cheating and a lot of dishonesty Chuck took the pearl to gain its power till the coming year when he would relinquish control of the pearl. Tintagel knew this fact but was jealous and devised a plan to steal the pearl by poisoning Chuck. The next few days Tintagel spent carefully gathering all the equipment and materials he'd need to complete his plan. Then after his materials were gathered he mixed and organized them in perfect blend. He had them delivered to Chuck and unknowingly took the poison. There was but a single fact overlooked by Tintagel and that was the power of the pearl. Instead of killing Chuck it made him diseased and mentally insane. He starts to disconnect himself from reality. Oysters begin to fear him. Perturbed by what he has done Tintagel leaves the colony which means certain death and is never heard from again. Meanwhile back at the farm ma's killin off da injuns The Pearl :: essays research papers The Pearl: Prequel It was a dark and stormy night ... no that's not it. It was a beautiful sunny day ... not it either. Could it be uhh... On that rainy day when the sea would not quit, the sky growled and men shuttered in their huts. That's it !! Well now that I seem to temporarily regained my memory Ill tell you the story of that horrible season of the oyster conference. What's that you don't know what the oyster conference is! You see it is a time when the oysters of the world gather together in their respective clans and decide who shall carry the pearl of power. These pearls are no ordinary pearls. They were not made by an oyster but were forged by the pillar. This pillar was the giver of power before the pestilence of man arrived. Now the pillar does not exist due to the carelessness of man. To keep order among the oysters they gathered all the pearls forged by the pillar and cursed them so that if man found one in the leader oyster it would destroy the finder and find its way back to the sea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This conference I told you about is a great as well as horrible experience for all the oysters. Triumph and defeat lurks around all corners. The contending oysters must run the test and those standing at the end must do it again until one oyster stands. This was the first time in history that more than three tests had to be run. It came down to Chuck the clan favorite and Tinagel the outcast. Finally with a little cheating and a lot of dishonesty Chuck took the pearl to gain its power till the coming year when he would relinquish control of the pearl. Tintagel knew this fact but was jealous and devised a plan to steal the pearl by poisoning Chuck. The next few days Tintagel spent carefully gathering all the equipment and materials he'd need to complete his plan. Then after his materials were gathered he mixed and organized them in perfect blend. He had them delivered to Chuck and unknowingly took the poison. There was but a single fact overlooked by Tintagel and that was the power of the pearl. Instead of killing Chuck it made him diseased and mentally insane. He starts to disconnect himself from reality. Oysters begin to fear him. Perturbed by what he has done Tintagel leaves the colony which means certain death and is never heard from again. Meanwhile back at the farm ma's killin off da injuns

Ethics, Morality, and Legality Essay

Ethics are defined as individual perceptions of what is right or wrong, good or bad based on an individuals morals and values and also based on social values. Too often bribery is mistaken for lobbying. Bribery is illegal and short-term while lobbying is legal and a more permanent solution. There exists certain loopholes in law that allow for bribery to take place in the name of lobbying as was the case for the Winter Olympics Scandal where Salt Lake Organizing Committee (SLOC) members gave gifts to International Olympic Committee (IOC) officials in a bid to influence them to pick salt lake city as the venue for the winter Olympics. Punishment for violating ethical and legal codes should be punitive as well as rehabilitative. However reforms should not be limited to the affected person to prevent future occurrences. Ethics, Morality, and Legality Bribery and lobbying are two phenomena that are very often misinterpreted such that it easy to confuse bribery for lobbying. According to the Merriam-Webster’s Online Dictionary, lobbying is â€Å"to promote, as a project, or secure the passage of, as legislation, by influencing public officials† (lobbying, n. d. ). Bribery on the other hand is regarded as illegal, but there has been a great debate as to whether bribery should be considered as unethical or illegal. However, most scholars and business people regard bribery as a phenomenon that ought to be regarded as unethical. There is a difference between these two phenomena that should be explored. Harstard and Svensson, argues that through lobbying firms can be able to change the rules to their advantage (Harstard and Svensson, 2005). As an option the firm may prefer to offer a bureaucrat a bribe so that he may bend the rules for them so that they may avoid the cost of complying. While lobbying results in a change, a bribe only bends the rules. However while a change of rules is more permanent the bureaucrat does not commit to not asking for a bribe in future. Based on a simple growth model, firms tend to prefer to bribe when the expected development is low but prefer to lobby when the expected development is high (Harstard and Svensson, 2005). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (15 U. S. C. sec. 78) stipulates that it is illegal for US firms to give bribes locally or internationally. The act defines a bribe as an illegal payment meant to influence or sway an official to award or maintain a business activity. So there has to be possible profit from any venture for which a firm allegedly bribes in order for it qualify as a bribe. In the case of alleged bribery by members of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee (SLOC) to the members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to select Salt Lake City as the 2002 Winter Olympics’ venue the committee could have defended themselves in the following way: the committee could have argued that while it is illegal to give bribes, it was not illegal to give gifts and in fact the IOC rules provided for gift offering so long as the value of the gifts did not exceed 150 dollars. Ethics are defined as the beliefs about what is right or wrong, good and bad and is based on an individual’s values and morals and how the behavior is perceived by society. Legal principles are derived from the society’s or a firm’s ethical principles. Since ethical and legal principles are what drive firms and societies in general, they are therefore important. Violation of ethical and legal principles should be punishable by legal sanctions such as imprisonment (Rawl, 1994). The former Volkswagen personnel director Klaus Volkert who sentenced to two years in prison for involvement in a bribery scandal that financed prostitutes and exotic holidays for union officials in order to get their support in management plans. However punishment should not be the only motive behind legal sanctions, the authorities should also aim at rehabilitating the affected person (Punishment, 2003). The remedies should not be limited to punishment of the affected employee rather there should be reforms in the entire organization in order to avert future scandals and to create a better business culture. Ethics drive organizations and societies. Each organization has its own code of ethics which must be followed by its personnel. Often bribery is mistaken for lobbying and might be used by organizations in a bid to achieve its goals. However bribery is illegal and goes against ethics and law. Those who engage in bribery should be punished. References Harstad, B. , Svensson, J. (2005). Bribe or Lobby: It’s a Matter of Development. Retrieved July 18 2010, from, http://www. kellogg. northwestern. edu/base/papers/harstad. pdf Lobbying. (n. d. ) Merriam Webster Dictionary. Retrieved July 18 2010, from, http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/lobbying Punishment. (2003). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved July 18 2010, from, http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/punishment/ Rawls, J. (1994). Punishment. Retrieved July 18 2010, from, http://ethics. sandiego. edu/Applied/deathpenalty/Rawls. html

Impact Of Social Networking Websites Essay

Abstract Social Networking is current phenomenon which has developed a great importance now a days. It has some good as well as some bad aspects. Our study aims at identifying the impact of Social Networking Websites on Post Graduate Management Students of Ghaziabad city. Introduction Social networking phenomenon has emerged over the past ten years. In that time, social networking sites (SNS) have grown from a niche to a mass online activity, in which millions of internet users are engaged, both in their free time, and at work too. However, there has been very little research on the socio-economic impact of these sites in the Indian context. In our research we focused on the impact of these social networking sites on the Post Graduate Management students of Ghaziabad city in both positive as well as negative aspects. Social networking is a phenomenon which has existed since society began. Human beings have always sought to live in social environments. The creation of social networking sites (SNS) and their pervasion in everyday practices is affecting how Indian youth manage their social networks. To a significant extent, SNS have shifted social networking to the Internet. In less than five years, these sites have grown from a niche online activity into a phenomeno n through which tens of millions of  internet users. Background of the research In today’s era students are spending there so much time on social networking sites. Sometimes youth get deviate from there academy goal and get addicted of these social networking sites. It is leaving negative impact upon the youths. Purpose of study By this study we might identify both positive as well as negative aspects of social networking sites on students of Post Graduate Management students. OBJECTIVE We will focus in our research to analyze the factors which will help us to know the effects of social networking sites on college students and we also want to know the following: 1) To find out the purpose of using Social Networking Websites by Post Graduate Management Students. 2) To analyze the using behavior of Social Networking Sites by those students. 3) Which Social Networking Site is more preferable by those students. 4) To know whether Social Networking Websites affects on the studies of Post Graduate Management students. Research Methodology I. Research Design and Plan Descriptive Research II. Sampling and Sample Size Sample: Post Graduate Management Students Sample Size: 150 III. Data collection instruments/sources and procedures Primary Data: Direct Questionnaires to PG Management Students IV. Data analysis procedures SPSS QUESTIONNAIRE Name: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1) Age: a) Below 22 b) 22 to 25 c) 26 to 30 d) 31 to 35 e) 35 to 40 2) Gender: a) Male b) Female 3) How many Social Networking Account(s) do you have? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) More than 4 4) Which Social Networking Account do you have? a) Facebook b) Twitter c) WhatsApp d) Orkut e) Other(if Any):- †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5) Which Social-Networking Site you often use? a) Facebook b) Twitter c) WhatsApp d) Orkut e) Other(if Any):- †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6) How long have you been using social networking sites? a) Less than a month b) 1-6 months c) 6 months to a year d) 1-2 years e) 2-3 years f) More than 3 years 7) How often do you usually log on to your Social-Networking Website? a) Daily b) 1-2 days intervals c) 3-4 days intervals d) Weekly 8) Please state your average hours of Social Networking Websites use per day? a) 5 minutes to 1 Hours b) 1 to 2 Hours c) 2 to 3 Hours d) 3 to 4 Hours e) More than 4 Hours 9) What is your purpose for using Social Networking Website? a) To enhance your knowledge b) For passing your idle time c) Only for chatting d) Others (Please Specify) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10) Do you think using Social Networking Websites effects on your studies? a) Yes b) No c) May be 11) Please specify those effects which you think that affect on your studies? a) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ b) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ c) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ d) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 12) Do you think Advertisement on Social Networking Websites useful for you? a) Yes b) No c) Don’t Know

Reduce stress

There have various way to reduce stress such as listen to music , exercises regularly and have a good relationship with other people. Topic sentence 1 : Firstly, listen to music can reduce stress. Supporting details 1 : different person have different favorite music genre, but the most effective in other to reduce stress is listen to slow and classic music. Supporting details 2 : furthermore, music can lowering blood pressure, and decreasing the levels of stress hormones. Supporting details 3 : Listening to music can relieve depression and increase self-esteem ratings in elderly people. Topic sentence 2 : secondly, exercises regularly can reduce stress Supporting details 1 : in other to reduce stress need to have exercises at lease 3 days a week, when done exercises, sweats release with negative energy from our body and keep our mind in balance. Supporting details 2 : Otherwise, exercises can keep our body healthy and away from diseased. Supporting details 3 : to avoid feel boring with the same activity we can change our regular exercise from gimnasium to swimming, dancing, cycling, playing badminton or other extreme sports like wall climbing, and jugle tracking. Topic sentence 3 : finally, have a good relationship with other people Supporting details 1 : get to know about our friends and be socialized. Supporting details 2 : have a good sense of humor and sometimes make jokes with friends in office. Supporting details 3 : must have at least one best friend that can express any problems, always make parents as the best person to find any problem solve because they always know the best for us.

Knowledge Management and information Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Knowledge Management and information - Essay Example In fact, as a medium sized organization currently employing 100 individuals, it is even more important that our company manage this knowledge exactly because we lack the market share and resources that large corporations have at their disposal. Therefore, at BioPack we need to be more responsive, more flexible, and make better decisions in order to sustain and grow in our industry. Managing knowledge will be primary in our quest to achieve these goals. So, we need to ask ourselves what exactly constitutes knowledge. We must define this concept before we can start managing this information. According to Neil Fleming in his paper Coping with a Revolution: First, data is meaningless by itself, meaningless without some context that references it within space and time. The pieces of data may indeed represent information, yet we need to understand this data for it to be deemed informative. Moreover, the extent of understanding is based on the amount of associations discernable within the data collected. Thus, information is simply an understanding of the relationships between any collected set of data. And while this information provides us with a basic understanding of relationships between data sets, it fails to provide us with either future predictions or an understanding of why the data appears the way it does. So, this data collection we now deem information fails to provide knowledge. However, when a pattern emerges within this information, knowledge is possible. Patterns, unlike collected data or information, are seldom static but rather self-contextualizing. And when patterns are properly understood, we can predict with reliabili ty how that pattern will change over a period of time. This is the embryonic stage of changing our information into a form of knowledge. When one attains a clear understanding of the underlying principles that make up these patterns that are the basis for knowledge, wisdom, or wise decisions within the workplace become possible. It is important to note that the sequence just mentioned-data-information-knowledge-wisdom does not occur in discrete stages of development. It does not take place locked up in one of our laboratories. It is ongoing, and at any given time we might be better or somewhat worse in our understanding of that data. The quality of our understanding will be key in accomplishing our goal or mission statement: To create a workplace environment that encourages new ideas and new ways of solving problems in order to stimulate innovation and synergism in the creation of new products. To continually delight the customer with our quality, and to be a leader in biotechnology research. Still, all knowledge is not created equal. According to Michael Polanyi, one type of knowledge may be classified as explicit or formal knowledge, or that which can be articulated through language among individuals. The other type is deemed tacit or informal knowledge, and is rooted in individual experience, personal belief, and individual values (The Tacit Dimension 10). As