How Is Mr Utterson Presented in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay

Although Utterson witnesses a series of shocking events, the character is presented as an unenthusiastic and pessimistic Victorian man, and is evident from the very first page of the novel. The text notes that Utterson has a face that is ‘never lighted by a smile’ and only speaks when necessary. In addition Stevenson describes Utterson as ‘dusty and dreary’ and ‘yet somehow lovable,’ which is noticeable in the close relationships he has with his friends. His strong relationships with his friends may perhaps be because ‘his friends were of his own blood or those whom he had known the longest’ meaning his friendships are based on similar personalities and on longevity. His monotonous life is represented in the routine in which on ‘Sunday, when his meal was over’ he would ‘sit close by the fire’ and read his bible until the ‘church rang out the hour of twelve’ when ‘he would go gratefully to bed.’ Yet Stevenson presents Utterson as ‘dreary’, he also gives the lawyer many good qualities, such as his loyalty to his friends. This is evident when he suspects his friend Jekyll of committing criminal activities of blackmail and the sheltering of a murder; however he decides to sweep away what he has learnt and tells a clerk to ‘not speak of this note,’ instead of ruining his friend’s reputation. Another quality Stevenson presents to Utterson is his willingness to care more about those in trouble, rather than to reprimand them for being immoral: ‘At the high pressure of spirits involved in their misdeeds, and in any extremity inclined to help rather to reprove.’ Furthermore Stevenson presents the theme of duality of nature to Mr utterson, which is evident when ‘his blood ran cold in his veins’ at the time when he suspects his friend Henry Jekyll of ‘forging for a murderer.’ The phrase ‘his blood ran cold in his veins’ suggests a possible primitive and animal side to the character, which is later discovered to be possessed by Dr Jekyll as well when Stevenson reveals that Mr Hyde is in fact Dr Jekyll. In addition Mr Utterson is presented as a character who throughout the novel constantly uses rational thinking perhaps due to his occupation of being a lawyer. His rational thinking and denial of the supernatural is especially noticeable when ‘he attempted to protest again’ after being told that his friend Dr Jekyll was also in fact Mr Hyde, who Utterson sees as an inhuman and grotesque creature. In conclusion Mr Utterson is presented as the perfect Victorian gentleman who does not gossip, constantly seeks to preserve order and decorum, and guards his friends’ reputations as though they were his own.

Devotion to God

Devotion (bhakti) to God animates many selections from Hindu scriptures in our anthology (Fisher and Bailey, pp. 61-88). Devotion or bhakti is an enlightened and powerful path that would help an individual to mount the self realization and realization of God. Devotion and love is the route to the complete realization of non-dual reality of the infinite existence of God. Bhakti marga means the route of devotion in Sanskrit. The union of the devotee with God by means of extreme devotion is termed as bhakti yoga in Sanskrit.Yet the style of devotion and the nature of the devotee’s relationship to God may vary a great deal, depending on the manifestation of the divine being (god or goddess) that is being invoked. Hymn to Agni is a Sruti. Sruti is the poem that is heard by rishis. Smrti explain the hidden meanings of Sruti. All these constitute Vedas that were written during the commencement of Kali yuga (during 3102 BCE) by Ved Vyasa. Vedas were written in Sanskrit. The chapter of Hinduism in the An Anthology of Living Religions by Mary Pat Fisher and Lee W.Bailey includes various passages like Hymn to Agni, Hymn on Creation (from the text of Rig Veda).The book has also included rich passages from Upanishads; What is the World but Spirit (Mundaka Upanishad) and You Are That (Chhandogya Upanishad). The passage ‘Hymn to Agni’ expresses the words of a devotee and also reveals the kind of relationship the devotee maintains with the ‘Agni God’. Devotee adores Agni the god of the sacrifice and the richest source of treasure. The passage says about the popularity of Agni among old poets and new poets. Agni was the diety of their rites and the major source of power.Ancient sages worshipped Agni and considered him as the provider of prosperity, nourishment and happiness. These devotes deemed Agni as the source of their progress and mentioned him as the most glorious and heroic God. According to the devotees Agni brought Devas to earth and hi s presence filled all sides, which goes to Devas. The hymn praises Agni as wise sage, invoker and the one with splendor and marvel. The hymn also says â€Å"Whatever blessing, o Agni, thou givest to the worshipper, that, refulgent One, is thy truth. To thee, Agni, dispeller of night, we come with prayer day by day, offering thee our obeisance.Thee who rulest our holy rite, Protector of Eternal Law, bright, waxing in thy own abode. Like father to son, thou Agni, be easy of access to us, be with us for a life of bliss. † Agni was considered as the chief of the Vedic gods. Agni is the god of fire, the common acceptor of all divine sacrifices (transferring the sacrifice to other Devas). Agni was otherwise deemed as the messenger of the Devas. According to the traditional Hindu worship based on these Vedas, Agni was present in the heart of every individual, and is the vital spark of life. A part of him was believed to be present in all living things.Agni was also considered as the fire or power which consumes food in the stomach of living beings. Agni also consumed the sacrifices that were offered to other gods. Agni was though to be the fire of the sun. It was also considered as the power behind the lightening bolt as well as the smoke column that hold the heavens in their place. Devotees considered Agni was the source of the illumination of stars. Agni was a crucial element in ancient Hindu worship traditions. About two hundred songs in Rig Veda are addressed to none by Agni. Out of the ten books of Rig Veda, eight of them start with the praises (worship) for Agni.Part IIAccording to the passage ‘Hymn to Agni’ devotee has a strong relationship with his God Agni. Devotee recognizes Agni as the source of all power and praises him for the happiness that he gives to him. Here the God is not found to be rewarding the devotee for his sincere worship and praises. The Agni God does not appear to be counting the devotion, reverence and worship of the d evotee. The devotee however is voluntarily praising the Agni God because of his majesty, power and splendor. The devotee is praising Agni God for a natural cause and not because he blessed the devotee personally.Here the Agni God does not seem to recognize and bless this individual devotee. The God is just being admired and worshipped for a common cause. The devotee is also just manifesting the power of Agni, the God and is praising him for his common goodness and not because of his personal love for him. The relationship that the devotee maintains with the Agni God is not personal. Devotee is impressed by the power and splendor of the God and is just acknowledging and praising it. No salvation, redemption or liberation happens here. The God no longer gives any special privilege to the devotee. Agni God just exists in his majesty and does not offer anything special like salvation.Part IIIThe religious outlook mentioned in this devotion hymn is that of an adoration or worship. I do h ave a religious outlook that is based on ‘Faith’ or ‘Trust’ rather than adoration. My religious outlook is somewhat related to this devotion methods as my devotion also includes praising, adoration and worship. However my devotion outlook is least similar to the above explained ‘Agni worsip’ as my devotion is characterized by faith and the salvation and redemption offered by my God.Agni worship is missing faith, salvation and redemption. It just involves blind or baseless adoration that seldom makes the devotee close to the God. The teachings of Hinduism do not exemplify my definition of religion as it lacks the most crucial aspect, faith, which I deem as the backbone of any religion or worship. Moreover, devotees need to have a personal fellowship with God. The relationship of devotee to his God should not be just an adoration, it should instead be a strong personal relation based on faith. References Mary Pat Fisher and Lee W. Bailey (1999) A n Anthology of Living Religions, Prentice Hall.

Critically analyse the social and spatial processes whereby a selected Essay

Critically analyse the social and spatial processes whereby a selected group becomes marginalised or excluded from society - Essay Example If the laws written in the books are to be followed, then there should not be marginalisation against the poor. Unfortunately though, the laws only seem to remain paper work as actual marginalisation against the poor takes place in everyday life. In this essay, there shall be the critical analysis of the various ways in which poor people are commonly discriminated against in society, leading a sense of marginalisation against them. Most importantly, ways of bridging the gap of marginalisation shall be reviewed. The review is expected to serve the purpose of not just laying the facts bear but going a step further to ensure that the paper becomes of significant essence to the marginalised poor such that the poor shall be in a position to live a normal life – the kind that is written in books. Marginalisation and Social Exclusion as a Process Marginalisation is a complex â€Å"process whereby certain groups suffering deprivation are pushed to the edge of society where they have little say in decision making and are denied the means to improve their position† (Combat Poverty Agency, 2002). Marginalisation and social exclusion is not an event but a process. ... al terms in social relationships in economic, social, cultural or political arenas.† As a process therefore, social exclusion and marginalisation involves a whole lot of components that entails social, economic, political or cultural acts of discrimination. Factors constituting Marginalisation against the Poor Spatial Inequalities Terms such as ‘rural’ and ‘urban’ are not leaving our group of vocabulary any time soon. It is common knowledge that the poor is associated with the rural settlement whereas the urban is for the rich and well to do. Instead of distrusting developmental resources and agenda equally to bridge the gap between the poor and the rich, governments continue give so many premiums to the welfare of the rich, providing them with social amnesties and facilities that are needed to make life easier and good. As if the poor is destined to live a difficult and bad life, rate of development between the rural and urban centres creates such a w ild gap that marginalisation is braided. In this regard, the Governance and Social Development Resource Centre (2011), notes that â€Å"spatial inequalities include disparities between rural and urban areas, and also between geographically advantaged and disadvantaged areas.† This means that any act that tries to segregate the poor from the rich through geographic divisions, giving advantage to one of the groups over the other constitutes spatial inequality of spatial marginalisation. As agents for change, political leaders are expected to put in place structures that bridge the gap between the rich and poor rather than widening the gap. Through gradual activities and developmental programs that tend to raise the quality of living in urban centres however, a halo of marginalisation tends to be created against the

Christmas carols Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Christmas carols - Essay Example The word carol means dancing to something in a circular manner, and it originated from the Latin word ‘carula’ and French ‘carole’. Thus, carols are songs of joy and praise during sang celebrations such as the Christmas season. Christmas carols are important part of the Christmas celebration because they not only put people in the Christmas mood, but also tell the joyous stories surrounding the birth of Jesus Christ. Therefore, Christmas carols center on Christmas theme, or may not refer to Christmas specifically, but are associated with the holiday season, as they are sang during the period that immediately surrounds the Christmas holiday. This research paper explores Christmas carols from the origin, meaning, kinds, difference between past and present carols, and their impact on unity and identity of the people that practice the Christmas tradition. The first carols sung in Europe were surprisingly pagan songs instead of Christmas songs. The pagans sang the carols during the celebrations of the Winter Solstice while dancing round stone circles. Though the original carols involved both singing and dancing, only the singing part survived, as dancing is not common in the Christmas tradition of singing carols. However, early Christians took the solstice celebrations from the pagans and turned it into Christmas, and consequently, introduced Christian songs for people to sing during this period instead of the pagan songs. The first Christmas hymns appeared in Rome around 129AD when a Bishop introduced the ‘Angels Hymn’ to be sung at a Christmas service.1 Similarly, Comas of Jerusalem wrote another early Christmas Hymn for the Greek Orthodox Church in 760AD. Other pioneer Christmas hymns include Veni redemptor gentium and Corde natus ex Parentis, among others that focused on statements of incarnation regarding the theolog ical doctrine. Thus, followed a period in Europe when many composers wrote several popular Christmas carols. However, most of

Lactobacillus bulgaricus and E.coli. (Microbiology-SLP5) Essay

Lactobacillus bulgaricus and E.coli. (Microbiology-SLP5) - Essay Example While the Lactobacilli are found in plant herbage especially at temperatures between 30 and 40 degrees Celsius, the Escherichia bacteria are basically anaerobic and are found in the human colonic flora in the intestinal lumen. Thirdly, the Lactobacilli are involved in producing yoghurt and in maintaining healthy intestinal flora but the Escherichia bacteria are mainly used in industrial microbiology as an extremely versatile host of beneficial heterologous proteins, which can be mass produced through E. coli. Lastly, unlike Lactobacilli, E. coli can be pathological and may cause diarrhea, meningitis or urinary tract infection (â€Å"Lactobacillus,† 2010; â€Å"Escherichia,† 2010). When it comes to the similarities between Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Escherichia coli, only two things need to be noted: they are both rod-shaped and they both have benefits in the field of biotechnology. As to the specialized functions of Lactobacilli, particularly Lactobacillus bulgaricus, based on the results of scientific research, this particular species of bacteria performs an important role in the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, or AhR, pathway, which in turn inhibits the development of a pathological condition known as â€Å"dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced† colitis (Takamura et al., 2011). Moreover, Lactobacillus bulgaricus is also involved in the destruction and elminition of putrefactive or proteolytic bacteria in the bowels, which cause â€Å"intestinal auto-intoxication† thus causing a series of arteriosclerotic changes that lead to physical aging (â€Å"Lactobacillus,† 2011). In a similar way, E. coli bacteria have been helpful in the expression of heterologous proteins, as previously mentioned, as well as in studies that help to illustrate and explain in detail complex cellular responses (Lee & Lee, 2003). Moreover, E. coli is used in the conversion of glycerine into ethanol (â€Å"E.coli,† 2010). The

Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Anthropology - Essay Example Besides, knowing about the culture, customs, beliefs, myths and social relations of the past better equip one to be an anthropologist who values the human race. Viewing the world through an anthropological lens helps one to think beyond narrow nationalism, extreme fanaticism, and terrorism. Culture is often conceived to be ‘a body of accumulated wisdom’ of the past and it is said that one learns, â€Å"unreflectively for the most part, to replicate forms of behavior that already exist, that come from the past† (Ohnuki-Tierney 1990, p. 154). The culture of a society consists of certain commonly shared values, traditions, social and political relations and factors like common history, common language, common locality and religion play dominant roles in molding various cultures. There is no doubt that the culture of a society is shared by its inhabitants and they contribute to it either by enhancing it or modifying it. It is important to understand culture from an anthropological perspective because there is a direct link between human character formation and cultural values because man learns a lot from various cultures that he comes cross. Understanding various cultures enables human beings to assimilate the good aspects of each culture whether it is alien or native. Field work offers one with the unique opportunity to come to original personal conclusions regarding an issue and to supplement the theory with practical observation, documentation and research. The field worker has to locate the issue and the area of study, and the success of an effective field work depends on the level of involvement of the field worker and the reliability of the data he collects through his interaction and observation. Field work is an essential component of anthropology as it offers the best opportunity for one to get into the lives of men, their culture, customs, values and life styles. No doubt, such field works can enhance one’s understanding of

NETWORK SECURITY I Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

NETWORK SECURITY I - Research Paper Example With networking in place, real time communication has been made possible through emails, VOIP, teleconferencing, online chats among other channels. However, these networks are vulnerable to numerous security threats, which have the capacity to cause extensive damage and losses for the users (Andress, 2011). This paper is a critical evaluation of network security threats and their solutions. Network Security Threats A network is an interconnection of two or more computers for the purpose of sharing resources, such as hardware and software (Wetherall, 2010). There are various types of networks which include, but not limited to, local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN) and metropolitan area networks (MAN). Local area networks are commonly found in institutions and offices, whereby sharing of resources is internal, for example, between departments or various workstations in an office. Wide area networks facilitate sharing of information on a wide geographical location, whereby numerous LANs around the world are interconnected for this purpose. The internet and the World Wide Web are examples of LAN as they can be accessed by users from every corner of the globe as long as they are connected to an internet service provider (ISP). MAN, on the other hand, exists in a smaller geographical location than WAN but larger than that of LAN (Wetherall, 2010). These networks have facilitated criminals with an avenue to make money through illegal activities especially due to the fact that millions of people around the world utilize one or all of the above mentioned networks on daily basis. Loads of data and sensitive information are exchanged over these networks on hourly basis and due to this; criminals have taken advantage through their technical skills to conduct cyber attacks, either for economic benefits or for malicious purposes (Zalewski, 2011). The internet, for example, has facilitated users with an avenue to conduct businesses and transactions through onlin e shopping. Online shopping is a mode of doing business whereby manufacturers and retailers design interactive websites, in which they display their products and details. Interested shoppers are only required to visit the websites from the comfort of their personal computers, from which they can evaluate and compare prices of commodities offered by different companies. Processes, such as cataloguing and placing orders are made through the same media thus making it easy and cheap for marketers and consumers to fulfill their desires without necessarily having to travel to the physical business location. This has also facilitated globalization as digitizing the world in this manner brings the world citizens closer thus forming a global village (Schneider, 2011). However, online shopping has been noted as being one of the major targets and facilitators of cyber crime. Rogue programmers have continued to develop phishing sites, which they utilize to steal users’ personal informati on for the purposes of committing fraud. Phishing sites are websites, which impersonate genuine websites such that it becomes difficult for users to differentiate between the genuine and the rogue websites. These websites usually request users to input their personal details, such as credit card numbers, emails, names, bank details among other sensitive

Cooperate Inquiry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cooperate Inquiry - Essay Example The total idea of cooperation inquiry is that research is made with people in contrast to traditional methods based on actions research made on people. The first step is in a research process is to find and formulate a feasible starting point. The main questions of the research are: What issue in practical experience is worth studying over a period of time Does it fit capabilities and do researchers have the resources Is there a fair chance researchers can get somewhere if they research this issue These are questions researchers needs to ask when beginning research. Cooperative inquiry begins with reflection upon such discrepancies and tries to save them from being forgotten in the maze of everyday work (Harwood 72). They become the focus for further development of the research process and for the generation of knowledge about that process. Such discrepancies need not always be negative and problematic for the researchers. Action research can also focus on trying out good ideas for improvements or on the further development of one's own strengths (Schon 43). Second step - action phase - is aimed to tests proposed actions and record expected outcomes. One possible way of testing our knowledge of a situation researchers want to improve and develop is to obtain additional information-perhaps by carrying out an observation or by interviewing other people involved. The whole inventory of data collection methods can be used for this purpose (Schratz and Walker 92). As researchers have seen, other people's views can provide starting points for our own reflection, helping to actuate tacit knowledge or to stimulate researchers to collect additional information. It is important to remain clear that such explanations are hypothetical, providing stimuli for research and development rather than replacing them. By introducing changes, trying out new actions, and observing their results, our view of the situation in which we find ourselves is often deepened. Researchers need to find a pattern in the complexities of the situation identified as the star ting point for research. First, researchers try to identify the most important individual elements of the situation, to distinguish them from less important elements, and describe them as vividly as possible. The main questions at this stage are: What is happening in this situation Which events, actions and features of the situation are important Which people are involved, and in what kind of activities (Smart 82). Phase three is a second action phase. When researchers formulate important individual elements of the practical theory, they should not restrict themselves to what happened, but also take account of the context. Cooperative inquiry does not take place in a laboratory in which the researcher controls most of the context. Their own actions are embedded in a framework of other people's interests and actions. Their research and development activities in turn have consequences for others. This stage usually involves people outside the group and the research (Reason. 2008). The aim of this stage is to generate new ideas and new experiences. The main questions at this stage are: Which other people are affected by my research and deve

Product Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Product Assessment - Essay Example The table on the right shows that about 85% of the total population in the United States uses mobile phones. The age group which owns a mobile phone ranges from 18-29 years old while the age group with the least percentage of mobile phone ownership is the 65+ age group which stands at only 58%. The mobile phones have lost the popularity in the recent years and statistics reveal that it is likely that the product will continue to decline given the emergence and the sudden rise in the popularity of smartphones. It is estimated that in the year 2012, almost half of all the mobile phone users will have switched to the smartphones and this will mean that with time, mobile phone ownership and usage will decrease before it becomes more or less a non-existent product eventually. (Stewart) Companies such as Apple, Samsung and HTC have witnessed huge rises in their sales in the recent years and their popularity has gone sky high thanks to the introduction of newer versions of smartphones which offer an incredible amount of functions and opportunities to explore. This gives the mobile phone manufacturers and marketers enough to worry about with the US census supporting the view that people may actually shift from mobile phones to smartphones in the near future. The table above shows the methods used by the American households to use the internet. The usage of internet in the United States is very high and is now considered as one of the basic necessities of the public. The table shows the data from a US census in the year 2010 and it shows that about 9.1% of the households now use mobiles for internet usage. The internet accessibility in mobile phones is very limited and people have started to shift to smartphones due to the fact that these smartphones offer a wide range of internet options and much better accessibility and surfing options. Also the competition among the top 4 smartphone

Art of Cooking Essay Example for Free

Art of Cooking Essay I have a passion for culinary art. My double culture, and family background was behind this love . I always thought that being half French , half Moroccan is a great mixture , but starting to cook approved it to me . I remember when I used to sneak in my mom’s kitchen, and play with the ingredients. It was a great time where I learned how to mix, and make new dishes by improvising new combinations. For example, I mixed flavors and textures that were usually never combined. Or even add new colors in my dishes that raise their beauty. I was not the only one fascinated by food. My dad a professional chef got me into the world of pastry, and Moroccan traditional food ex: â€Å"Tagine,† which is primarily used to slow-cook savory stews and vegetable dishes. Because the domed or cone-shaped lid of the tagine traps steam and returns the condensed liquid to the pot. Morocco is the culinary star of North Africa; it is the doorway between Europe and Africa. Much imperial and trade influence has been filtered, and blended into this culture. Moroccan cooking is characterized by rich spices that combine anywhere from 10 to 100 spices. French and Moroccan cooking cuisines have been subject to Berber, Moorish, Arab, and European influences. Most French dishes are known for their complex, and rich flavors, we love bread, and wines. Most of people tried some French recipes, or food without knowing that is even French. You may find them all over the world. Ex: * Crepes: a very flat pancake typically stuffed with fruit or cream. * Baguette: a long French bread loaf. * Chocolate mousse: this lighter than air dessert originated in France. * Eclair : a pastry stuffed with cream and topped with icing. * Creme Brulee : Custard topped with hard caramel. â€Å"One cannot think well, love well, and sleep well, if one has not dined well. †

Gender Equality In Politics

Gender Equality In Politics The initiation of women into influential politics has the potential to greatly benefit society. There are a number of theoretical reasons women would be doing the world a favour by entering into politics. Basic statistics demonstrate that equality would benefit the economy. In the West, the perception towards women is positive: they are mostly on equal ground with men regarding capabilities (Pew Research Center [PRC, 2008]. Moreover, because most female politicians have to juggle professional, private, and sometimes family lives, their resulting ability to multi-task should allow them better management skills and more sensible political priorities. Now, these theories regarding womens abilities and inclinations do have some factual basis. There are already successful females in high positions of power within government (e.g. Angela Merkel; Scandinavian Parliament). A survey carried out in India had results illustrating that where women were in charge, villagers were much better off ( Beaman, 2007). Surprisingly, Southeast Asia is where the most women have reached the highest governmental positions (Fleschenberg, 2008). One can argue that, whether there is a positive or ineffectual upshot to womens involvement in politics, merely achieving equality and effectively rendering most prejudices null would be a tremendous benefit to society. However, while the women of the West have far more opportunity and are reluctant to take advantage of it, there are still the women of developing countries, where bias against women is still quite distinct (Beaman, 2007). In the meantime, there is the Middle East, where progress in gender equality is practically nonexistent (Akande, 2007). But despite the emphasis given to creating equality for women, there are still very few females in high-level decision making positions. (McDermott, 2009). If gender inequality can be overcome, it can open the doorway to alleviating a significant amount of the dilemmas the world faces. Opening the Doorway: Gender Equality in Politics If liberty and equality, as is thought by some, are chiefly to be found in democracy, they will be best attained when all persons alike share in government to the utmost. Whether or not Aristotle meant to include females in his definition of persons, this quote of his basically supports the idea that there is no real equality until individuals of every possible variance are not only involved in government, but have the same say in proceedings. Equality is an abstract term; it has evaded human beings since the time we came into existence, and remains indomitably out of reach due to our own inherent prejudices. It is only very recently that real attempts have been successful in overcoming these imbalances in social order; but naturally, those at the top want to stay that way-and with their power comes the ability to maintain their position. Therefore, we still have a long way to go before humans can declare themselves a race of egalitarianism. Gender inequality is probably the most prevalent form of discrimination, due to the fact that it exists, unfailingly-not only in all societies-but within the classes and castes within those societies (Jamal, 2009/2010). The superiority of men has been a given through the ages, both through formal laws and unwritten, shared understandings (Jamal, 2009/2010). These days, women have come far along the road to equality, but-as modern feminists complain-women still have to work twice as hard to get half as far as men in their careers. There is no argument that, thanks to or despite this, women are underrepresented in many areas, most notably those of power. But politics, which has the most potential to influence culture and civilization, is the most notable area of all. Whether or not women are better than men is not the question here-the question is, would gender equality in politics have a substantial effect on global affairs? And would this effect be favourable or detrimental? Because gender is the key to the organization of product and reproduction, women are at the crossroads between economic growth and human development. (Jamal, 2009/2010, p. 5) The initiation of women into influential politics has the potential to greatly benefit society. There are a number of theoretical reasons women would be doing the world a favour by entering into politics. According to Akande, women are the worlds most under-utilised resource; getting more of them into work is part of the solution to many economic woes, including shrinking populations and poverty. (2007, p. 10) Basic statistics even demonstrate that equality would benefit the economy- women put in 67% of the hours of work done on Earth, yet they earn 10% of salaries and possess 1% of all goods (Career Womens Forum, 2006). So women have already proven themselves diligent, and take up around 50% of a population-on this note, Akande reasons that their lack of active participation (2007) in all influential fields, including the workforce, intellectual or academic spheres, or politics, basically deprives a country of valuable human resources. This applies more directly to developing countries where gender discrimination completely obstructs womens chances to achieve anything, let alo ne politics; however, it bolsters equality in general. Perception is the basis of social context, and negative social context is womans biggest obstacle towards achieving anything, let alone a career in politics. In the West, the universal perception towards female leaders is changing for the better. A survey conducted by the Pew Research Center reveals the proletarian opinion on why women are still underrepresented in politics: gender discrimination, resistance to change, and a self-serving old boys club' (PRC, 2008). The public also believes that women are held back by the pressure of juggling family (which, as women, they are still meant to take care of) or personal life, and professional life; lack of the necessary skill is cited by few as a potential cause (PRC, 2008). In the same survey, women were rated higher than men on the majority of traits considered important to leadership (e.g. honesty, intelligence, compassion) (PRC, 2008). Women are believed by the populace to be more inclined towards dealing with civic issues such as health care and education (PRC, 2008); men, however, are more disposed towards eradicating crime, public safety, defence, and national security (PRC, 2008). This has been backed up by actual studies, though they put mens priorities in a less favourable light: Studies show that women are more likely to spend money on improving health, education, infrastructure and poverty and less likely to waste it on tanks and bombs. (Akande, 2007) The results of the survey continued by rating women higher than men in other areas believed to be important for a leader: holding firm to their principles even in the face of political strain; in negotiation and compromise; in instilling honesty in the government; and relating to the general public (PRC, 2008). Despite all this, only 6% actually claim women make better political leaders than men, which would be the natural progression (PRC, 2008). However, 69% rate men and women as equal, so this is probably, essentially, an even bigger step towards equality than if the reverse imbalance was presented (PRC, 2008). Even more theoretical reasoning can back up this claim: because most female politicians have to juggle professional, private, and sometimes family lives, their ability to multi-task is forcibly but finely honed (Career Womens Forum [CWF], 2006). This in turn allows them better management skills and more sensible political priorities. Now, these theories regarding womens abilities and inclinations do have factual basis. There are already successful females in high positions of power within government, such as Angela Merkel, Germanys first female Chancellor. Scandinavian countries, according to Career Womens Forum, are of the better-managed countries of the world, the most imaginative and prosperous (2008); the article goes on to correlate this fact with one stating their Parliaments are made up of 40% women, the highest percentage in the world. A Millenial Survey was carried out by a non-governmental organization in India in the year 2000 (Beaman, Duflo, Pande Topalova, 2007). It focused on subjective and objective measures of both the quantity and quality of five basic public services: drinking water and sanitation, health, education and child care, road transport and the public distribution system (Beaman, 2007). Though the survey was not undertaken for the express purpose of comparing male and female leadership performances, this-in accordance with the simultaneously subjective and objective nature of the survey-afforded the surveyors a lack of predetermined bias towards the results (Beaman, 2007). The results illustrated that where women were in charge, there was a higher investment in clean drinking water, leading to the avoidance of water-borne diseases and overall improvement of health (Beaman, 2007). Also, children were more likely to be immunized, and where women were in charge the gender gap in schooling was less by almost 13%; women were also less likely to accept bribes (Beaman, 2007). Despite all this, villagers reported dissatisfaction with their female leaders; Beaman found this rational, though, due to the inherent bias of the society (2007). Though the Nordic area can claim the highest percentage of women in Parliament, it is, surprisingly, Asia where the most women have reached the highest governmental positions (Fleschenberg, 2008). The first female Prime Minister in history was Sirimavo Bandaranaike, of Sri Lanka; she had power three times, beginning in 1960, and when she died in office in the year 2000, she was succeeded by her daughter, Chandrika Kumaratunga (Fleschenberg, 2008). Indira Gandhi, India, is possibly the most famous female politician, with the most influence and positive impact thanks to her campaign for progress in India-a recent BBC poll named her the greatest woman of the last 1,000 years (Fleschenberg, 2008). Aung San Suu Kyi is the accepted leader of democratic Burma despite her continuing house arrest (Fleschenberg, 2008). In Malaysia, Wan Azizah Wan Ismail freed her husband, Anwar Ibrahim, and has headed the parliamentary opposition party in Malaysia since the late 1990s (Fleschenberg, 2008). The re are more notable names, from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, and the Philippines; though all of these cultures are undoubtedly patriarchal and paternalistic in political and ideological terms, women have achieved the position of prime minister or president in all of them (Fleschenberg, 2008). These countries have little in common in terms of economic development, culture, religion, and political systems (Fleschenberg, 2008). The one defining commonality between these women involves their education: no different from influential politicians in general, but exceptional for their own locale, where often education cannot proceed past the secondary or tertiary level (Fleschenberg, 2008). In addition, many of them gained reputations and political experience against backdrops of political turmoil and/or transition (Fleschenberg, 2008, p. 33) as leaders of opposition movements, effectively classifying them as transformational leaders, (Fleschenberg, 2008, p. 33) valuable to their country from day one. As for their terms in office, analysis proves that none of these countries deteriorated [. . .] as a direct consequence of female governance (Fleschenberg, 2008, p. 5). In fact, any declines were caused by male-led interventions (Fleschenberg, 2008). These leaderships are made even more interesting by the fact that these women came into power by proving themselves worthy, rather than just to promote equality, are recognized as capable, self-reliant leaders with no limits on their power due to their gender (Fleschenberg, 2008). On the other hand, their governments are still not gender balanced; Fleschenberg admits that they are the exception, and their rise to power should not be confused with increased womens participation in politics (2008). One can argue that, whether there is a positive or ineffectual upshot to womens involvement in politics, merely achieving equality and effectively rendering most prejudices null would be a tremendous benefit to society. Women are generally fighting an uphill battle in this respect-or, at least, some of them are. Interestingly, a report comparing the victory rates of male and female candidates yielded the result that when women run for office, they win just as often as men do. (Bowman, 2008) Since this included mostly small-time political positions in already developed countries, it is not as provocative as it may appear; it basically only reveals that, at least in the West, there is less interest in politics. The surveyed women were not enthusiastic about running for office, or the process required, such as raising campaign cash or balancing familial responsibilities (Bowman, 2008). Still, Akande says, Women are more likely to organize in other politics, such as social movements, and in non-governmental organizations. (2007, p. 16) So, while the women of the West have far more opportunity and are reluctant to take advantage of it, there are still the women of developing countries, where bias against women is still quite distinct (Beaman, 2007). Because women are generally assumed, not to lack leadership skills so much as have less than men-even those with similar personality traits-if a woman is fulfilling a normally male role, she will be judged more ruthlessly (Beaman, 2007). For example, a bad decision, or merely an unpopular one despite advantageous ends, would gain them a harsher level of criticism than if they were male (Beaman, 2007). This social backlash for violating stereotypes dissuades all but the most determined women; indeed, where the Western woman shuns politics for the stress it promises, or mere lack of interest (Bowman, 2008), a woman in a developing country shuns it to avoid the extra controversy that would top that stress (Beaman, 2007). In the meantime, there is the Middle East, where progress in gender equality is practically nonexistent (Akande, 2007). Akande attributes this to the ongoing political upheaval, citing the near civil-war situation in Iraq, the murky future of the Palestinians, Irans nuclear ambitions, or the future of democracy in the region. (2007, p. 10) The female in the Middle East is generally far worse off than those of other developing countries, due to being in a society that is either indifferent (Akande, 2007, p. 17) to them, or downright hostile. (Akande, 2007, p. 17). The principles of the predominant religion of Islam cannot directly take the blame for this (Akande, 2007), as women have gained political prominence in every Islamic country of South-eastern Asia apart from Brunei (Fleschenberg, 2008). However, the combination of religion and culture do play a big part in the viewpoints that support this maltreatment of women (Akande, 2007). This goes not just for the Muslim women of the Arab world, but for other religions that undermine the weaker sex, such as Sikhs, Hindus, and Native Americans (Akande, 2007). He stresses the Middle East, however, because the predicament of the regions women essentially has a direct effect on world affairs; he believes that much of the strife in the Middle East (i.e. underdevelopment, domestic and regional instability [. . .], ethnic frictions (Akande, 2007, p. 9)) could be mitigated, if not outright halted, if women had more of a voice in government (2007). If the results of the studies referenced by Akande earlier on, as well as the beliefs presented by the Pew Research Center survey are any indication, even a gradual move towards gender equality-in politics and otherwise-would be a big step towards eventual stability. At any rate, gender equality is a worldwide goal, and there are measures in place meant to promote womens involvement in Parliaments, etc (McDermott, 2009). In India, one third of parliamentary seats are reserved for women (Atkins, 2008). Though some see these enactments as a step backwards merely because they appear as a chauvinistic inability to allow women a true sense of accomplishment (Atkins, 2008), there is a much more considerable reason they can be seen as such. Despite the emphasis given to creating equality for women, there are still very few females in high-level decision making positions. (McDermott, 2009) This even goes for the previously-praised Nordic countries where there is an almost-balanced level of genders within the government (McDermott, 2009). Still, when it comes to decision-making, the women have limited say. Gwaze points out that in Zimbabwe, women appointed to seemingly important positions only have real significance at voting time; otherwise, they are little more than puppets for the males with real power (2007). What we see now is a faà §ade of equality that prevents women from making the change that they are capable of. With all the previously described obstacles that women have to overcome, only for women to be rendered utterly inconsequential by males who continue to wield more power, it is no wonder that gender inequality prevails in government. Successful female politicians often take pride in not only their achievements in public service, but the fact that they are positive role models for younger girls (Campbell Wolbrecht, 2005). Males do not bother to see themselves as role models, reflecting the fact that men and boys need little additional evidence that the halls of power are open to them. (Campbell, 2005) The only way to change points-of-view on female politicians is for them to continue in this vein-its a snowball effect. Women already proven the positive impact they are capable of; as more gradually get into politics and gradually become more successful at it, the window of politics as a career is opened to more and more women. And as these women prove their value within government proceedings, attitudes towards them will change for the better, the way they already are (Beaman, 2007). Gender equality is not the biggest problem face by society, and it is not the only discrimination human beings must cope with. However, if this most profound and prevailing prejudice can be overcome, it can open the doorway to alleviating a significant amount of the dilemmas faced by the world.

Evolution- Should You Believe in It? :: essays research papers

-This essay is not mine- THE question â€Å"Do you believe in evolution or in creation?† is more than a matter of idle curiosity. The answer that one gives will be deeply reflected in his attitude toward his fellowman, his moral values and his outlook on the future. 2 Belief in evolution is not new; it did not originate with Charles Darwin. But, following publication, in 1859, of his book The Origin of Species, the supporters of the idea have greatly increased in number. In those lands where considerable emphasis is placed on â€Å"science,† the teaching of evolution holds a prominent place in school textbooks. It is introduced in the early grades, and repeated and enlarged upon year after year. 3 It is the desire to find more evidence for this teaching that has also been a prime moving force in the exorbitantly expensive space exploits of the nations. To NASA’s planning chief, Wernher von Braun, the flight of Apollo 11 was â€Å"nothing less than a step in human evolution comparable to the time when life on earth emerged from the sea and established itself on land.† And Science magazine, in its special issue of January 30, 1970, revealed: â€Å"The search for carbon-containing material on the lunar surface is not only a component part of the study of the origin and history of the moon, but an important step in our understanding of the early stages of chemical evolution leading to the origin of life.† So it was with keen anticipation that rock samples were brought back to the earth and carefully analyzed for any traces of life, present or past, but the lack of publicity given to the results was a reflection of the disappointment felt by advocates of evol ution. Still they push on farther, and at even greater expense. Why? In an article entitled â€Å"Future in Space—From Moon to Mars,† U.S. News & World Report announced: â€Å"One of the main goals of such an expedition is to search for evidence of life on the planet.† 4 The basic idea of evolution is that all the plant, animal and human life on this earth had its origin in one-celled life forms that developed in the sea hundreds of millions of years ago. Though some profess to believe that a Creator began the process, this is not true of the majority. Evolutionists contend that the ancestors of man included both apelike beasts and fish.

Perspective Journal- The Punisher :: essays research papers

Perspective Journal- The Punisher This story is based on a movie called The Punisher which was about an FBI undercover agent, Frank Castle. Frank has all his family murdered while away on a vacation and through out the movie seeks revenge. This operation was ordered by the main villain in the movie, Howard Saint. Howard Saint has every reason to be justified for calling the operation to murder Frank Castle’s family. Howard wouldn’t have been involved in the killing of Frank Castle’s family if Frank had just stayed within his limits and not go around flashing his FBI badge at every person in the society. Howard Saint was a good person who was just involved in making his life through dirty ways. Like everyone else, Howard wanted to be rich. He didn’t care how he made his money and went to all different extremes to make sure he was rich. Howard Saint’s life was always under scrutiny even when he wasn’t doing anything illegal. Someone’s life being under scrutiny for something he is not even doing is very anger provoking and because of that Howard felt that he might as well do the evil things he was being scrutinized for. Howard Saint illegal businesses never had to do with any crime against the society. He had an addiction and had to feed it. He was addicted to cocaine and he couldn’t do anything about it. If the FBI had just allowed him to do his own cocaine, no damage would have occurred and every family would have lived. Howard Saint turned â€Å"wasteful† towards the end of the movie. He began wasting people’s lives and killing anyone randomly. He went to these extremes because he had lost everything he had because of the revenge plot by Frank Castle. Howard lost his house, all his money was blown up and most importantly his family was burnt right in his face. These actions were a result of a quick conclusion by Frank Castle that Howard was the main person involved in the cocaine ring. Any human being who is picked up and used as an example for any crime has the authority to go to any measures to revenge. Perspective Journal- The Punisher :: essays research papers Perspective Journal- The Punisher This story is based on a movie called The Punisher which was about an FBI undercover agent, Frank Castle. Frank has all his family murdered while away on a vacation and through out the movie seeks revenge. This operation was ordered by the main villain in the movie, Howard Saint. Howard Saint has every reason to be justified for calling the operation to murder Frank Castle’s family. Howard wouldn’t have been involved in the killing of Frank Castle’s family if Frank had just stayed within his limits and not go around flashing his FBI badge at every person in the society. Howard Saint was a good person who was just involved in making his life through dirty ways. Like everyone else, Howard wanted to be rich. He didn’t care how he made his money and went to all different extremes to make sure he was rich. Howard Saint’s life was always under scrutiny even when he wasn’t doing anything illegal. Someone’s life being under scrutiny for something he is not even doing is very anger provoking and because of that Howard felt that he might as well do the evil things he was being scrutinized for. Howard Saint illegal businesses never had to do with any crime against the society. He had an addiction and had to feed it. He was addicted to cocaine and he couldn’t do anything about it. If the FBI had just allowed him to do his own cocaine, no damage would have occurred and every family would have lived. Howard Saint turned â€Å"wasteful† towards the end of the movie. He began wasting people’s lives and killing anyone randomly. He went to these extremes because he had lost everything he had because of the revenge plot by Frank Castle. Howard lost his house, all his money was blown up and most importantly his family was burnt right in his face. These actions were a result of a quick conclusion by Frank Castle that Howard was the main person involved in the cocaine ring. Any human being who is picked up and used as an example for any crime has the authority to go to any measures to revenge.

Student-Centered Learning :: Education Teaching Papers

Student-Centered Learning Recently, the buzzword for school wide educational reform is student-centered learning. My last year teaching, the administration threw around this term, yet no in-services were in place on this subject in order to accomplish the goal. Even Atlanta Public School's strategic technology plan uses the common student-centered learning phrase, " Teachers will move from mentor in the center to guide on the side." However, very few teachers actually use this approach in their classrooms. One example of an excellent student-centered learning activity was "Biomes in a Box." A colleague of mine used this project, her students work in teams to research and create a biome of a particular climate of their choosing. I observed students using various forms of media including the Internet and CD-ROM resources to research their particular biome. They constructed the climate conditions of that biome using various raw materials at their disposal. In the end, they presented their biome to the class with an oral discussion of the climatic elements involved with that biome. The students were so proud and so actively involved in their learning. It was a great success. I am sure that "Biomes in a Box" will be one lesson those students learned in that school. Even though some teachers use this new approach successfully in their class, my concern is that not all of the teachers can or even know how to change from the "mentor in the center" to "guide on the side." Has the school systems come up with way to change the mindsets of these teachers and show them how to make their classrooms active learning environments? No, they are just content to throw the phrase around without determining how to bring about student-centered learning in the classrooms. So what is Student centered learning? Is it the cure all for the ailing public education system? What tools need to be in place in order to facilitate a student-centered learning environment? What kind of in-service or extra training will be necessary in order to foster the student-centered classroom? In this paper, I will define student-centered learning, explain the key attributes to this type of learning process, and identify the tools that will facilitate its growth. From Mentor in the Center to Guide on the Side "Students should be presented with real life problems and then helped to discover information required to solve them" John Dewey

Friends with Benefits

Lehmiller, J. , â€Å"Sex Differences in Approaching Friends with Benefits Relationships†, Journal of Sex Research, Vol. 48, Issue 2-3, 2011, pgs 275 – 284. Friends With Benefits â€Å"‘Friends with benefits’ (FWB) relationships consist of friends who are sexually, but not romantically, involved. In other words, such relationships are comprised of persons who engage in sexual activity on occasion, but otherwise have a basic friendship†¦ it is important to recognize that FWB partners do not consider their involvements to be romantic relationships.Rather, FWB relationships are perhaps best regarded as friendships in which the partners involved have casual sex with one another. † (Lehmiller, 275) This passage tells what friends with benefit relationships are but why are they being studied in this instance? This article concludes the information concerning this specific type of odd relationship and how it’s seen in the eyes of the individuals who enter them. It also touches on the threat of sexually transmitted disease, the downfall of these relationships, and what type of people are more likely to enter one and how it changes their views of love. Releted essay –  An Empty Purse Frightens Away FriendsFriends with benefits relationships are being studied with the goal of finding out what motivates people to get into this type of relationship, what defines friends with benefits and how the changes in the relationship effect it. Most of the studies on this subject occur with nonrandom sampling that were advertised around college campuses which poses the implication that only younger generations involve themselves in friend with benefit relationships, which is false. The independent variable are the people themselves.Every person has a different view on this type of relationship and it can be easily skewed by what their friends, family, or peers believe about this type of situation. The dependent variable is the relationship itself. Once the terms are set by the two people in the relationship there is very little space for change, because trust can be questioned. There is no knowing if someone will develop feelings or not , which can ruin the whole point of a friends with benefits relationship. The main find in this article is that the studies on this subject should be cast in a broader net and there really isn’t enough research done on this subject.There should be more circumstances and variables. Most of the studies were taken from people who were recollecting past friends with benefits relationships and not currently in one which is subject to memory distortion and lapses. The studies should show current relationships, one’s including people of all ages, and what happened to the friendship before and afterward. This article touches a little on most subjects in the friends with benefits spectrum, but they could center in on one thing to be more specific in their findings.

Broadway Theater

Broadway Musical Theater The role of music has become increasingly important in Broadway theater. From the early days of theater in America, which quickly established itself in New York City, music has helped to create many successful Broadway productions. Vaudeville music, which was music hall variety entertainment, took root in the late1800s. It then turned into their theatrical revues, stage spectaculars consisting of sketches, dance, and songs with parody and satire in the early 1900s. In the 1900s, talented composers could gain popularity for their theatrical music in a very short period of time.A few such prominent songwriters are Irving Berlin, Rodgers and Hammerstein, and Andrew Lloyd Webber. Due to catchy show tunes and optimum locations in New York City, Broadway musicals are more successful then ever before, and they show no sign of slowing down. Colonial America did not have a significant theater presence until 1752 when London entrepreneur, William Hallam, sent a company of twelve actors to the colonies with his brother, Lewis, as their manager. They established a theater in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice and The Anatomist.The company moved to New York in the summer of 1753 and performed ballad-operas such as The Beggar’s Opera and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. By the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan (Musical theatre). After the Civil War, theater in New York moved from Downtown to Midtown Manhattan where real estate was less expensive. Broadway theater did not arrive in Times Square until the 1920s and 1930s. New York City’s first â€Å"long-run† musical was a 50 performance hit called The Elves in 1857.New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keene's â€Å"musical burletta† Seven Sisters in 1860 shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances (Musical theatre). The length of runs in the th eater changed rapidly around the same time that the modern musical emerged. As transportation improved, poverty in London and New York diminished. In addition, because street lighting made for safer travel at night, the number of potential patrons for the growing number of theaters increased enormously.Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits and improved production values (Musical Theater). Vaudeville entertainment took America by storm in the late 1800s. These variety shows had musical, comic, dramatic, aerobatic, and juggling acts. Although Vaudeville’s popularity declined by the 1930’s, it gave a distinctive flavor to Broadway shows. Revues, which had their roots in 19th century American popular entertainment, grew into a substantial cultural presence during the years 1916 to 1932 (Revue).These musical variety shows consisted of skits, dance routines, and songs that often satirized current events and personalities. During he ctic times, both of these forms of entertainment became the way to â€Å"get away from it all† for a few hours and forget about ones troubles (Revue). By the early 1900s, Broadway musicals were in full swing. The great songs from these musicals involved almost all of the top composers of the day (History of). In many cases, after the composed songs were well established, a particular song was selected as the theme song for that Broadway musical. Unknown composers had the chance to become famous overnight.Often songs â€Å"caught fire† and they were in ranks with the most successful composers of the day. One of these great composers was Irving Berlin. Born in Russia, Irving Berlin was a composer and lyricist, widely considered to be one of the greatest American songwriters in history. In 1907 he published his first song, Marie From Sunny Italy, and by 1911 he had his first major international hit, Alexander's Ragtime Band (Irving). Over the next five decades, Irving Ber lin produced an outpouring of ballads, dance numbers, novelty tunes and love songs that defined American popular songs for much of the century.A sampling of some of the Irving Berlin’s songs are: How Deep Is the Ocean? , Blue Skies, White Christmas, Always, Anything You Can Do, I Can Do Better, There's No Business Like Show Business, Cheek To Cheek, Puttin' On The Ritz, A Pretty Girl Is Like A Melody, Heatwave, Easter Parade, and Lets Face The Music and Dance. In a class by itself, he wrote for his beloved country, God Bless America (Irving). Throughout his sixty-year career, he composed approximately 1,500 songs. Some other famous composers were Richard Rodgers are Oscar Hammerstein who collaborated on several Broadway musicals such as Oklahoma! n 1943, South Pacific in 1949, The King and I in 1951, and The Sound of Music n 1959 (Amer Spec Encly pp 472, 930). Andrew Lloyd Webber, a British composer, has seen many of his plays appear on Broadway. Some of his best known shows are: Eita, Cats, Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, and The Phantom of the Opera which is the longest running show to date (celebrating its 10,000th performance on Broadway on February 11. 2012), the Phantom of the Opera opened in the West End in 1986, and on Broadway in 1988. It won a total of seven Tony Awards including Best Musical.Phantom is the highest-grossing entertainment event of all time and the most financially successful theatrical show in history (The Phantom). In an era of stunning 3-D movies and impressive IMAX films, Broadway musical theater remains one of the most popular attractions in New York City. Few attractions match the excitement and spectacle of a Broadway musical. Featuring forty Broadway theaters, high-profile stage actors, and world-class sets and costumes, New York Broadway shows are must-see entertainment for travelers. Broadway theater is widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theater in the English-speaking world.Ac cording to The Broadway League, Broadway shows sold approximately $1. 081 billion dollars worth of tickets in the calendar year 2011. Attendance in 2011 was 12. 13 million people (HISTORY OF). Because music plays such an important role in Broadway theater, Broadway musicals are more successful than ever before. Works Cited â€Å"HISTORY OF BROADWAY IN NEW YORK CITY, BROADWAY THEATER, MUSICALS AND SHOW HISTORY. † nyctourist. com. N. p. , 29 May 2012. Web. 3 June 2012. . â€Å"History of Broadway Musicals: More Than A Century of Musical Classics. † americana-music-and-memories. om. N. p. , n. d. Web. 3 June 2012. . â€Å"Irving Berlin. † wikipedia. org. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , 28 May 2012. Web. 3 June 2012. . â€Å"List of the longest-running Broadway shows . † wikipedia. org. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , 26 May 2012. Web. 3 June 2012. . â€Å"Musical theatre. † Wikipedia. org. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , 31 May 2012. Web. 3 June 2012. .  "The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical). † wikipedia. org. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , 27 May 2012. Web. 3 June 2012. . â€Å"Revue. † wikipedia. org. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc, 18 May 2012. Web. 3 June 2012. .

Madame Bovary

Women’s Rights Come To a Halt: Madame Bovary As soon as Eve was created from the rib of Adam, women have been struggling to achieve the same rights as men. As time has gone on, women have been able to make great strides in the way they are compared to men, in particular the Industrial Revolution and realism period lead to great equality strides for women. As the Industrial Revolution, and realism began to emerge in the 19th century, women were starting to develop their own ideas and opinions on how to behave.In Flaubert’s novel, Madame Bovary, he warned women that if you step outside of your gender roles, only bad things are bound to happen, thus working to stop women’s rights. Throughout the novel, gender roles are clearly set for both men, and women. Men are seen as more capable, worthy, and just overall better humans compared to women. Women have little to no say in how their lives are ran, which is clearly shown when Emma’s father decides that â€Å"à ¢â‚¬â„¢If [Charles] asks for her,’ he said to himself, ‘I’ll give her to [Charles]. † (16) Emma’s father is the one who gets to choose his daughter’s fate, rather than her. Even when wedding arrangements are being made Emma has no say in the matter because â€Å"Emma would, on the contrary, have preferred to have a midnight wedding with torches, but old Rouault could not understand such an idea. †(17) Women are depicted as being incapable of making life choices, so they need to be behind a man who is able to be their voice and make decisions for them. Women have also been put into the position of being a housewife.The role of a woman is to care for her home, husband, and children. When Emma wants to step out of her gender role, she then asks â€Å"’Have I not my house to look after, my husband to attend to, a thousand things, in fact, many duties that must be considered first? ’† (74) That then brings it to her atte ntion that she must stick to the way society is structured for women. When Madame Bovary decides to follow her gender role she does so by â€Å"[taking] interest in the housework, [going] to church regularly, and [looking] after her servant with more severity. (75) Even the way to dress, and how a homemaker represented herself was determined by society as â€Å"’a good housewife does not trouble about her appearance. ’† (75) Emma fulfills her role as a woman by imitating the ideal housewife, which is to be religious, and to care about everyone other than herself. There is nothing more imperative than to please your husband, if you wish to play your role in society, in which Emma did so by making sure that â€Å"when Charles came home he found his slippers put to warm near the fire.His waistcoat now never wanted lining, not his shirt buttons, and it was write a pleasure to see in the cupboard the nightcaps arranged in piles of the same height. † (75) It w as seen that a woman was put on this Earth to please her husband, and children and by not doing so was simply unacceptable. Children are also a big part of a woman’s life, because children can only be produced by a women, and it is their duty to care, and love them.As Emma was trying to convey the perfect woman â€Å"she declared she adored children; this was her consolation, her joy, her passion, and she accompanied her caresses with lyrical outburst which would have reminded any one but the Yonville people of Sachette in ‘Notre Dame de Paris’† (75) When Madame Bovary would fulfill her duties as a wife, â€Å"the housewives [would admire] her economy, the patients her politeness, the poor her charity. †(76) Proving that when you behave, as how you should you will be recognized as a good person.The way to behave as a woman is clearly defined, and it is stressed how important it is to do what you are told. As the role of a woman became very evident i n the time of realism, it was crucial to not stray away from the guidelines put in place by society. Emma Bovary had little regard for how to behave, and it was evident in the way she conducted her personal life. Madame Bovary cheated on her husband with two different men, and virtually hated Charles. She also takes it upon herself to handle the family finances, which would normally be a man’s job.Emma throws herself into a secret relationship with Leon, and after only knowing him for a short amount of time â€Å"she was in love with Leon, and sought solitude that she might with the more ease delight in his image. †(76) Just by falling in love with another man, sets Emma Bovary apart from her social class. Not only does Emma fall in love with Leon, but also in the later part of their relationship she deceives Charles and makes it possible to sneak away from her home to go to be with Leon.Emma complains about losing her talent on the piano so Charles tells her ‘If you liked,’ he said, ‘A lesson from time to time, that wouldn’t after all be very ruinous. ’ ‘But lessons,’ she replied, ‘are only of use when followed up. ’ And thus it was she set about obtaining her husband’s permission to go to town once a week to see her lover. At the end of a month she was even considered to have made considerable progress. (184) Emma has no regard for how husband may have felt about Emma’s second life, and to even have a life outside of your home life is completely stepping outside of your gender role.Madame Bovary also has another affair with a man named Rodolphe. This affair was purely superficial as far as Rodolphe was concerned, but to Emma it was more than that. Once again, she is betraying her husband and falling out of her gender role. Emma loves Rodolphe and every time they see each other, she is ready to show only affection towards him. Even after when Charles had a terrible day of a ttempting to fix clubfoot of Hippolyte Emma still chooses to be with Rodolphe, so much so that â€Å"when Rodolphe came to the garden that evening, he found his mistress waiting for him at the foot of the steps on the lowest stair.They threw their arms round one another, and all their rancor melted like snow beneath the warmth of that kiss. † (131) As the relationship with Rodolphe progresses, Emma begins to have no concern to how she acts in public. Due to the adultery happening in Emma’s life she begins to resent Charles even more than one thought possible. She begins to enjoy being an adulterous woman, that when she reflects upon her life She reveled in all the evil ironies of triumphant adultery.The memory of her lover came back to her with dazzling attractions, she threw her whole soul into it, borne away towards this image with fresh enthusiasm; and Charles seemed to her as much removed from her life, as absent forever, as impossible and annihilated, as if he had been about to die and were passing under her eyes. (130) All of her happiness comes from one man, and she is only content when she is shying away from Charles, and not being a proper woman. Finances were also left up to the men, since they were the breadwinners of for their family.Emma Bovary defies the norm, when Lheureux talks her into taking power of attorney. He tells Emma that â€Å"’[Charles] would do better to give it over to some one else- to you, for example. With a power of attorney it could be easily managed, and then (you and I) would have our little business transactions together. ’† (179) She fooled Charles into letting her have that power by â€Å"[quoting] technical terms casually, [pronouncing] the grand words of ‘order’, ‘the future’, ‘foresight’ and constantly [exaggerating] the difficulties of settling his father’s affairs†. 180) Emma takes Lheureux up on his offer, in order to be able to go behind her husbands back more efficiently, and to also prove that no gender role will be set upon her. Due to Emma defying every restriction put against her as a woman, she is punished on every account. Madame Bovary is left with no hope by the end of the novel, which causes her to poison herself with arsenic. Emma, and Leon are doomed from the start. Leon is a rather shy man, and she is a rather taken woman. Even while they are together Emma becomes discontent in the relationship.Though â€Å"[s]he was in love with Leon, and she sought solitude because it allowed her to revel in thoughts of him at leisure. His actual presence disturbed the voluptuous pleasure of her reveries. Her heart palpitated at the sound of his footsteps, but her agitation always began to subside as soon as he appeared, and she was left with nothing but deep astonishment which eventually turned to sadness. † (76) Rather than truly being in love with Leon she merely is in love with the idea of Leon.Ma dame Bovary’s relationship with Leon falls to pieces, as she becomes dissatisfied with him, and jealous over him when he was forced to spend time with Homais rather than her. The relationship was a wreck to begin with, and Emma’s punishment is basically an unhappy ending with the one she dared love. The same goes for her relationship with Rodolphe, it was disastrous. From the very start, Rodolphe was only attracted to Emma physically. When he first came saw Emma his immediate reaction was â€Å"Poor woman! She’s gasping for love like a carp gasping for water on a kitchen table.A few sweet words and she’d adore me, I’m sure of it! She’d be affectionate, charming [†¦] Yes, but how could I get rid of her later? † (92) Rodolphe was never in the relationship for the long haul, even though he could clearly see that Emma was. When it was time for Emma and Rodolphe to run away together â€Å"he wished to have two more weeks before to ar range some affairs; then at the end of a week he wanted two more; then he said he was ill; next her went on a journey. † (139) He would just make excuses, because he knew that he really did not love Emma.The relationship takes a turn on Madame Bovary and it ends up changing her. Instead of being the free, and independent woman she tried to portray â€Å"[Rodolphe] made her into something compliant and corrupt. She remained under the influence of a kind of idiotic infatuation, full of admiration for him and sensuality for herself, a blissful torpor; and her soul, sinking into that intoxication, shriveled and drowned like the Duke of Clarence in his butt of malmsey. † (134) Emma puts all of her happiness in this unaccepted relationship that ultimately leads Rodolphe to break things off with her, leaving Emma broken.Lheureux also punishes Emma, in the way that the draper fools her into becoming in so much debt that she would never be able to pay it all back. The draper tak es advantage of gender roles, by assuming that women are ignorant fools when it comes to finances. Throughout the whole novel, Lheureux offers Emma many gifts that she accepts. She is unaware that a hefty bill will come for her, that she must pay back. When the bill finally does come Emma pities herself, and she still goes to borrow even more money from the notary. No amount of pleading with Lheureux could get her off the hook.As Emma comes to bargain with the draper the conversation went as â€Å"But if I bought you several thousand francs- a quarter of the sum- a third- perhaps the whole? † â€Å"No; it’s no use! † And he pushed her gently towards the staircase. â€Å"I implore you, Monsieur Lheureux, just a few days more! † She was sobbing. â€Å"There! tears now! † â€Å"You are driving me to despair! † â€Å"What do I care? † said he, shutting the door. (208) When she finally loses control of all of her money, she resorts to pros titution, and even begs Leon, and Rodolphe for the money she owes. When she cannot get the money, her life is put into despair.Suicide is her last resort, in which she poisons herself. Each time Madame Bovary decided to become more independent and to make her own decisions, it always came back to haunt her. Both of the adulterous relationships come to ruins, and she completely obliterates all of the household money. Flaubert’s sent out a warning to readers, that if you behave as Emma did, trying to step outside of your gender role, then you will be punished rather than rewarded. By showing a punishment, it led women to stay conformed, and to not go out and advance women’s rights.

Complexometric Determination of Water Hardnesss Essay

Introduction/Background: This lab was about determining water hardness. Water hardness is the amount of metal ions in the water. The most common found ion in the water is calcium ions and typically with a charge of +2. Water hardness plays a big significance in our daily life because to many metal ions in our drinking water can have adverse effects on our body. You can measure the water hardness by EDTA titrations. EDTA is a disodium salt that stands for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and it is a chelating agent. Chelation is the process of a ligand forms a complex with a metal ion. Eriochrome Black T is an indicator you add to the water sample that will turn the water pink if metal ions exist. Through the process of titration, carefully adding EDTA to the water sample with the Eriochrome Black T will cause a chemical reaction to occur, slowly changing the water color from pink to violet and then violet to a light blue which will be the end of the chemical reaction. Once the titration is complete you can ca lculate your water hardness. Above in the formula V represents the actual delivered volume of Na2EDTA solution and M is your actual molarity. Procedures: Start by preparing 500mL of 0.004 disodium EDTA solution. This is what will be added to the buret. Next take a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask and add 10.00mL of standardized calcium and 30mL of deionized water. Place a magnetic stir-bar in the flask and set on top of a piece of white paper on a magnetic stirrer. After place 3mL of ammonia/ammonium chloride buffer (pH10) inside the flask and let it stir for thirty seconds. Lastly add four drops of Eriochrome Black T indicator to the solution which will turn it a pink color. Begin titration and watch as the color changes from pink to violet and then violet to a light blue color. Record the data when the color turns a light blue and repeat the process two more times. Fill the buret with the same 500mL of 0.004 disodium EDTA solution. Take 25.00mL of an unknown water sample and add it to a 250mL Erlenmeyer flask. Mix in 20mL of deionized water. Set a magnetic stir-bar inside the solution and place on the magnetic stirrer. Next add 3mL of ammonia/ammonium chloride buffer (pH10). After thirty seconds of stirring add four drops of the Eriochrome Back T indicator and watch as the solution turns pink. Begin your titration by slowly adding small droplets of the 0.004 disodium EDTA solution. The color will slowly change to a violet color and then to a blue color which will be the stopping point. Record the data and repeat two more times. With the data collected calculates the hardness of each sample, then the average water hardness of all three samples, and lastly the precision of each trial. Compare your data to the expected range of a local cities water hardness. Results and Discussion: The first three titrations involved the known Calcium stock, titration 1 used 22.91ml of Na2EDTA solution before the titration complete. The second Titration used 21.91ml while the third and final used 21.55ml of solution. During the procedure a 250ml Erlenmeyer flask was used as well as a 50ml burette, the buret was filled with our Na2EDTA solution while the flask was filled with 30ml of DI water, 3ml of ammonia, and 4 drops of an indicator, in this case Eriochrome Black T. Experimental error was calculated by taking the sum of all absolute deviations/3 than divided by the mean concentration of Na2EDTA, in this case the mean concentration was .00452M, and lastly, multiplied by 1000 to get the answer in PPT. Table 1 below shows the readings of both solutions before and after titration. The mean concentration of these titrations is 0.00452, This figure was used to find the estimated precision which came out to 23.270% off of 100% meaning the experiment was 76.73% accurate. Finally the volume of the unknown was calculated to find the ppm for each titration and the mean of all three titrations was used to find the estimated precision of the unknown in ppm. The mean in ppm for the unknown came to 212ppm, this number was plugged into the equation for estimated precision which is the sum of all absolute value deviations/ number of trials, all of which is divide by the mean and multiplied by 1000ppt. The final figure came out to 25.2% off of 100% meaning that the experiment was 74.8% accurate. Conclusion: In conclusion the water hardness of a solution can be found by titrating a known solution containing metal ions and using a chelating agent such as EDTA to determine the impurities of each of the water samples. Also, using the data collected from each titration the concentration and mean can be found from each titration and used to determine the water hardness in ppm. The estimated precision of this experiment can be found by running multiple titrations on the same sample more than one time. The results obtained in this experiment include a mean concentration for the Calcium stock of .00452M, and an estimated precision of 76.73% and the average water hardness was 400.39ppm. The estimated precision for the unknown was 74.8% and an average water hardness of 204ppm. In this experiment 500ml of a known solution EDTA was prepared; a 10ml pipet was used to transfer a standard calcium ion stock solution into a 250ml Erlenmeyer flask. 30ml of DI water was added to the flask and the contents were than stirred using a magnetic stirrer and stirring rod. 3ml of Ammonia was added to the flask mixed for a few seconds underneath the fume hood and 4 drops of an indicator was added, in this case Eriochrome Black T. The contents of the flask were stirred for thirty seconds before titration began, as the titration progressed, the color changed from pink to violet and finally to a sky blue color indicating that the titration was complete. This process was completed with minor changes for the Unknown #141, 25ml of the unknown was placed in the flask and 20ml of Di water was used rather than 30ml, the rest of the titration however, used the same steps as above. Work Cited Klenck, Thomas. â€Å"How It Works: Water Softener.† Popular Mechanics 1 Aug. 1998: n. pag. 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Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Statistics - Essay Example if electronics’ price was measured in pounds). Since we have the same units for all the goods, we should use the ratio of aggregate prices. (c) Since we have fixed number of observations (random sample size is 16) the sample distribution is binomial. The Central Limit Theorem allows us to use approximate binomial distribution with the normal distribution when operating with large values of N. We can approximate binomial distribution with the normal distribution assuming that the whole number of steel coils is much larger than 16 (then the finite population correction will be close to one). (b)Confidence intervals give us the information that we can say with 90% of accuracy that the change between proportion is between 0.003 and 0.059. From this we can conclude that the proportion has slightly increased. (c) Sampling error can impact on the results of this study. There may be serious differences from sample to sample because the sampling technique used was simple random sampling. Additionally, non-response error can also influence the results of the study, since not all the drivers within the sample will admit using the cell phone. If we are to assume that all the drivers answer honestly then this error will not influence the results. (ii) If the null hypothesis is not true, then we can state that the productivity of exercisers is higher on average than that of non-exercisers. However reasons of this difference are not clear and require additional research. (b) Cluster sampling is about clusters, into which the whole population is divided. After that all units within the selected clusters are measured. Like cluster sampling stratified sampling also implies the division of the population into subgroups. However in stratified sampling they do not overlap and simple random sampling is implemented within each strata (subgroups). Due to dividing into subgroups every important strata is presented in the final sample. Additionally cluster

Social Performance of a Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Performance of a Company - Research Paper Example This is experienced because the decision has to be made by a group and not by a sole person as it is done in other sectors. All shareholders have to come into a conclusion (Gunay 2008). Each stakeholder in a corporation is entitled to carry out certain duties in the corporation. Employees are entitled to handle the activities and maintain a harmonious environment for making profits. They are also entitled to make contributions in the decision making since they are the one who have bigger influence on the future of the corporation. Suppliers form an active part of stakeholders, since the corporation relies on them entirely for its deliverance of its services to the target market. The bank plays the role of managing the corporation bank’s account and the transactions that the corporation engage in the process of service delivery. The bank also lends money to the corporation when the need arises. On the other hand, the investors are the most sensitive part of the corporation. Thi s is because they are the one who make a pool of resources to make the corporation run smoothly at all times. They are entitled to the making of major decisions that determine the course of the corporation (Heath 2001). According to Suleyman, the secondary stakeholders are the group that does not directly affect the future survival of the corporation. The group is not involved directly to the corporation. The members of this group include the media and other social facilities. Though the corporation cannot efficiently perform without this group, its operations are not affected in any way by these stakeholders. The media is considered as an essential part by the corporation for the advertisements purpose which in return creates the familiarity of the corporation to the target market hence, earning more customers. All primary stakeholders are considered to be directly related to the success of the corporation but their degree depends on the environment, these are internal and external environment. The internal environment is concerned with the daily activities and the future survival of the corporation, while the external factors have little effect to the corporation activities (Heath 2001). Formation of a coalition in the corporation is the basics to achieve the future goals set by the corporation. Moral appreciation of the stakeholders, no matter their individual investments in the corporation and creation of a platform where all stakeholders will be consulted during the decision making in the corporation is one of the vital strategies that we are targeting. This will give the corporation an added advantage that will go a long way to meet the target set by the corporation of having many individuals wanting to invest in the company since their opinions are addressed by the corporation and at some point implemented by the same corporation they have invested in. It will also strengthen the coalition (Heath 2001). Considering the investors point of view, many of t he potential investors have an altitude of pooling their funds towards a corporation that have a sense of belonging to the society. These are achieved through the corporation participating in the corporate social responsibility. This encourages more individuals to invest in the c

Comparison Pratt's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comparison Pratt's - Essay Example Therefore, presentation of conflict and tranquility at individual, local, social and international levels form the major components of contact zones. In that vein, media, time periods, traditions and faculties form major points of reference while exploring a film. Consequently, zones describe and identify origins of conflict; explanations on how occurrences of conflicts reach others and to strive to understand ways that ordinary statesmen can work for peace (Grossman, 2013). Mary concept of contact zones encompasses colonialism, slavery, and results as is witnessed in various parts of the world. Mary eventually uses the word to reconsider most models of communities that many people use to teach and theorize conflicts in the world today. It is important to note that, Guaman Poma huge letter to Philip III exemplifies some social complexities that culminate to conquests and empires. The letter was written in two languages, Spanish and Quechua and in two parts. Nueva is the name of the first part that was constituted of the main official discourses. New chronicles by Guaman Poma’s gives an instance that mary proposes to call an autoethnographic text. A text that individuals undertake to describe themselves in ways that other people talk of them in presentations they make (Grossman, 2013). Unlike ethnographic texts used by people in European metropolitan subjects to represent themselves, autoethnography represent texts that the so-defined others develop in response to other texts. Important to note, autoethnogrsphics are not equivalent to autochthonous way of expression or self-representation that many fondly mistake. Rather, it involves choosing collaborations that can are appropriated with idioms of the conqueror (Grossman, 2013). The texts are merged and blended in at different degrees with idioms to form a self-representation that strives to get involved in metropolitan

Gay adoption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gay adoption - Essay Example †). This limited scope of adoption is contrary to the legal rights that the validity of gay marriage protects. If the couple find themselves free to openly love one another, why are the laws of the land preventing them from doing what comes naturally to a married couple? That of starting a family. Admittedly, same sex couples are not biologically capable of impregnating one or the other in order to achieve a naturally formed family. We also must admit that as a society there are still millions of children housed in adoption institutions or foster care systems looking for a good home. Good homes are hard to find these days, even with heterosexual couples. So why not give the same sex couples a try? Why not allow them to adopt a child and prove that they too can be exemplary parents to their children, even though they may not share the same bloodline? These adopted children need loving homes, who is to say that a a same sex home cannot provide that? What exactly are the reasons t hat our society still has inhibitions when it comes to allowing same sex couple to adopt? This paper aims to look at the arguments both for and against same sex adoptions with the full intention of providing factual information that will prove that allowing same sex adoptions will prove beneficial to the child and therefore, should be legally allowed across the United States. Let me begin this discussion by presenting the con side of the argument. These arguments range from psychological in nature, all the way to religious defenses. Whatever the argument presented, these non-supporters of the gay adoption cause do so on the same grounds, they are little informed and truly homophobic in nature which is why they are opposed to the love of a same sex couple being shared with a child who wants nothing more than the same. Politicians such as the United Kingdom's Independence party candidate Winston McKenzie has declared that gay adoption should be likened to child abuse and is a violatio n of a child's human rights. Mr. McKenzi claims that there is an abuse of the child's rights because; â€Å"that child has no opportunity to grow up under normal circumstances... There are people out there who bring up their kids encouraging them to believe they are gay themselves. † (Chorley. Matt â€Å"Allowing Gay Couples to Adopt Is a Form of Child Abuse, Says UKIP Election Candidate). It is important to note that Mr. McKenzie is a Christian with anti-gay sentiments therefore same sex adoption was against his religious beliefs. Aside from religious points of view such as Mr. McKenzie's the cause for gay adoption was not helped by the June 29 news that gay father Frank Lombard sexually molested his 5 year old adopted son. Reports coming from the Associated Press indicate that this is a disturbing trend that is emerging from a scientific literature about gay fathers. According to reports: â€Å"The Arrest Warrant documents that Lombard sodomized one of his two adopted Afr ican-American sons and made the boy give him oral sex on-line† (Cameron, Paul Dr. â€Å"Lombard Demonstrates Why Gays Should Not Be Allowed to Adopt†). The main fear of the psychological community is that children in same sex adopted homes are dangerously exposed to child molestation due to the queer lifestyle of the adopted parents. In the peer-reviewed Psychological Reports journal, Dr. Paul Cameron of the

Self Management of Diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Self Management of Diabetes - Essay Example Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of diabetes and the numbers of people that are becoming obese is increasing rapidly. It is the major cause of premature mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular, renal, ophthalmic and neurological disease. It is widely accepted that control of the lifestyle situation including diet and exercise decrease the risk of complications and control the Hg1c (Porth & Matfin, 2007). This paper will discuss recent studies affecting the overall Hg1c with combined strength and aerobic exercise programs. Self management of diabetes includes diet, exercise, medication, and blood sugar control. Exercise, however has been shown to be highly important. Lean muscle mass improves Hg1c (Sigal, Kenny, Boule et.al. 2007). There has been some controversy in determining whether that exercise should be aerobic or strength or both. In researching this, studies relating to diet and other controls were eliminated and a search was conducted for supporting evidence that both types of exercise included in routines for these patients improved overall blood glucose control and limited complications from the disease. Five peer reviewed studies were retained from many found as they included both exercise routines against controls. Historically, aerobic exercise has been used to attempt to improve glucose levels in diabetic patients. However, there is a great deal of literature available now that shows a great deal of merit for adding resistance exercise to this routine for control. It appears that glucose control is only one of the benefits of this kind of routine for diabetic patients. Strength, endurance, and power are benefits received (Marcus, Smith, Morrell, 2008). There is also an increase in lean tissue mass which creates an increase in metabolic rate. The importance of physical activity in these patients cannot be denied. It is considered not only preventative but also therapeutic (Tokmakidis, Zois, Votaklis, et.al. 2004). The change that occurs in muscle mass coupled with effects on glucose uptake are the reasons for better control. This occurs even in people with insulin resistance. In operationalizing this data, education is the key. Over the past years, diabetics have been taught that walking is the perfect exercise to control their HgA1c and to some point that is true, it is the perfect exercise. However, there is a gap in the education as far as adding the needed strength training. It may be clearly important, due to the large numbers of diabetics now, to design and implement diabetic exercise programs that are couple with regular education programs. Certainly controlling blood sugar and preventing complications of this disease proves to be financially needed for both the patients and the healthcare system. Sigal, Kenny, & Boule et.al. (2007) published a study in the Annuls of Internal Medicine on this very issue. Previous studies evaluated by them determined that the effects of aerobic exercise alone provided for better glucose control. They felt that there was likelihood that a combination of aerobic and strength exercises would lead to better control. They performed a randomized control trial set in 8 community based facilities. Included in this study were 251 adults age 39 to 70 with type 2 diabete (Sigal, et.al., 2007). Patients were

Secular Organizations and Sacred Places Paper Essay

Secular Organizations and Sacred Places Paper - Essay Example This mythical practice continued from generation to generation as part of custom and it prevails in this 21st century also. The common elements such as stones, water, fire, writings, statues and metals, trees, and caves have been considered as mythical elements in sacred places. They are discussed below in detail. Stones in various kinds and sizes have been attributed sacredness by religious ideologies. Evidences of megalithism can be seen across the globe and it is credited to most ancient cultures. Some religions build specific configurations using special arrangements of stones; and it clearly reflects the cultural features of the respective religions. Water is another important sacred element which has a devotional image in majority of religions. According to Christian, Islam, and Jewish beliefs water is a significant element in religious practices. For instance, according to their notions, water symbolizes internal purification and anointment. According to Bible, the spirit of G od separated water from water by a firmament and was found ‘hovering over the waters’ (Genesis 1: 1-6). Other world religions including Hinduism also heed higher importance to water in their religious ceremonies. According to Hindu concept, all inhabitants of the earth originated from the ‘primordial sea’.